{
  "title": "Unemployment and Structural Unemployment in the Baltics",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, August 19, 2014",
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  "summary": "While the unemployment rate in the Baltics has fallen sharply from its crisis-peaks, it remains close to double digits. This paper estimates the structural component of the jobless rate in the three Baltic countries and analyzes its causes.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary and main findings",
      "content": "- While the unemployment rate in the Baltics has fallen sharply from its crisis-peaks, it remains close to double digits.\n- The paper estimates the structural component of the jobless rate in the three Baltic countries and analyzes its causes.\n- Main finding: the current still elevated levels of unemployment mostly reflect structural factors.\n- The paper points to the following potential causes of high structural unemployment:\n  - skill mismatches\n  - high tax wedges\n  - unemployment and inactivity traps"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Analytical focus and methods",
      "content": "- Objective: estimate the structural component (NAIRU/structural unemployment rate estimate) of unemployment in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and analyze determinants.\n- Topics covered (as reflected in subject and keywords): Labor; Labor markets; Labor taxes; Structural unemployment; Taxes; Unemployment; Unemployment rate; NAIRU estimate; NAIRU unemployment; unemployment gap; internal migration; crisis dummy; core CPI."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Implications highlighted by the paper",
      "content": "- Elevated unemployment in the Baltics is primarily structural rather than cyclical.\n- Policy-relevant factors implicated include:\n  - addressing skill mismatches between labor supply and employer demand\n  - reducing tax wedges that may discourage labor demand or supply\n  - mitigating unemployment and inactivity traps that reduce incentives to work\n\nIMF Working Paper: \"Unemployment and Structural Unemployment in the Baltics\" (Working Paper No. 2014/153).\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- wp14153 - Section III. We find that, unlike in many other economies, high structural unemployment\n  - wp14153 - Section III. We find that, unlike in many other economies, high structural unemployment (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - wp14153 - Section III. We find that, unlike in many other economies, high structural unemployment (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/unemployment-and-structural-unemployment-in-the-baltics-41849"
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    "Authors: Christian H Ebeke, Greetje Everaert",
    "Published: August 19, 2014",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781498317207.001",
    "While the unemployment rate in the Baltics has fallen sharply from its crisis-peaks, it remains close to double digits.",
    "The paper estimates the structural component of the jobless rate in the three Baltic countries and analyzes its causes.",
    "Main finding: the current still elevated levels of unemployment mostly reflect structural factors.",
    "The paper points to the following potential causes of high structural unemployment:",
    "Objective: estimate the structural component (NAIRU/structural unemployment rate estimate) of unemployment in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and analyze determinants.",
    "Topics covered (as reflected in subject and keywords): Labor; Labor markets; Labor taxes; Structural unemployment; Taxes; Unemployment; Unemployment rate; NAIRU estimate; NAIRU unemployment; unemployment gap; internal migration; crisis dummy; core CPI.",
    "Elevated unemployment in the Baltics is primarily structural rather than cyclical.",
    "Policy-relevant factors implicated include:",
    "**_wp14153 - Section III. We find that, unlike in many other economies, high structural unemployment**"
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