## Who Controls the Budget: The Legislature or the Executive?

_IMF Working Papers, June 1, 2005_

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## Bibliographic details
- Authors: Ian Lienert
- Published: June 1, 2005
- Series: IMF Working Papers
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451861341.001

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### Main findings
- Country-specific factors prevent a strong linear relationship between the legislature's budgetary powers and the extent of its separation from the executive.
- Electoral and voting systems, bicameralism, constitutional and legal constraints, voluntary contracts of political parties, and long-standing traditions all influence the relative budgetary powers of executives and legislatures.
- Differences in the legislature's budgetary authority in twenty-eight countries with five different forms of government are examined.
- It is concluded that differences in budgetary powers within a particular form of government are as great as those between different forms of government.

### Subject coverage and keywords
- Subject: Budget planning and preparation, Expenditure, Expenditure control, Fiscal law, Fiscal rules
- Keywords: budget proposal, government coalition, majoritarian government, political party, State budget law, WP

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/who-controls-the-budget-the-legislature-or-the-executive-18270_