{
  "title": "Growth Inclusiveness in Djibouti",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, April 13, 2017",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835/index.md",
  "summary": "The paper examines the poverty-reducing and distributional characteristics of Djibouti’s economic growth, and discusses policies that might help make growth more inclusive. It covers the period between 2002 and 2013, for which comparable household surveys are available.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- Author: Alexei P Kireyev\n- Publication date: April 13, 2017\n- The paper examines the poverty-reducing and distributional characteristics of Djibouti’s economic growth, and discusses policies that might help make growth more inclusive.\n- Coverage period: between 2002 and 2013 (for which comparable household surveys are available).\n- Main interpretation: while the overall level of poverty in Djibouti declined in the past decade, there have been no clear signs of improvements in either equality or growth inclusiveness."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Main findings",
      "content": "- Poverty:\n  - The overall level of poverty in Djibouti declined over the period studied.\n- Inequality and inclusiveness:\n  - There have been no clear signs of improvements in equality.\n  - Growth has not been inclusive and benefitted mainly those in the upper part of the income distribution.\n- Confidence on conclusions:\n  - These conclusions should be treated as indicative."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy implications and recommendations",
      "content": "- Growth strategy:\n  - Progress in poverty reduction and inclusiveness would require not only sustained high growth but also the creation of opportunities in sectors with high earning potential for the poor.\n- Social policy:\n  - Better targeted social policies would help reduce poverty and improve inclusiveness.\n- Public spending:\n  - More attention to the regional distribution of spending would also help reduce poverty and improve inclusiveness."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Data, subjects, and keywords",
      "content": "- Data period: 2002–2013 (comparable household surveys).\n- Subjects: Income, Income inequality, National accounts, Population and demographics, Poverty, Poverty reduction.\n- Keywords: confidence interval, decile ratio, Djibouti, food poverty line, Global, growth, growth rate, household survey, inclusiveness, Income, Income inequality, inequality, Lorenz curve, poverty gap, Poverty reduction, povery reduction, Sub-Saharan Africa, WP.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Growth Inclusiveness in Djibouti, WP/17/93, April 2017\n  - Growth Inclusiveness in Djibouti, WP/17/93, April 2017 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Growth Inclusiveness in Djibouti, WP/17/93, April 2017 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: Alexei P Kireyev",
    "Published: April 13, 2017",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475594720.001",
    "Author: Alexei P Kireyev",
    "Publication date: April 13, 2017",
    "The paper examines the poverty-reducing and distributional characteristics of Djibouti’s economic growth, and discusses policies that might help make growth more inclusive.",
    "Coverage period: between 2002 and 2013 (for which comparable household surveys are available).",
    "Main interpretation: while the overall level of poverty in Djibouti declined in the past decade, there have been no clear signs of improvements in either equality or growth inclusiveness.",
    "Poverty:",
    "Inequality and inclusiveness:",
    "Confidence on conclusions:",
    "Growth strategy:",
    "Social policy:",
    "Public spending:",
    "Data period: 2002–2013 (comparable household surveys).",
    "Subjects: Income, Income inequality, National accounts, Population and demographics, Poverty, Poverty reduction.",
    "Keywords: confidence interval, decile ratio, Djibouti, food poverty line, Global, growth, growth rate, household survey, inclusiveness, Income, Income inequality, inequality, Lorenz curve, poverty gap, Poverty reduction, povery reduction, Sub-Saharan Africa, WP.",
    "**Growth Inclusiveness in Djibouti, WP/17/93, April 2017**"
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "title": "Growth Inclusiveness in Djibouti, WP/17/93, April 2017",
      "role": "document",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/wp/2017/wp1793.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/wp/2017/wp1793.pdf.md",
        "mime": "text/markdown"
      },
      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/wp/2017/wp1793.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
      }
    }
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-18T11:29:50.027Z"
}