## Growth Inclusiveness in Djibouti

_IMF Working Papers, April 13, 2017_

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Growth Inclusiveness in Djibouti](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835/index.md)
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## Bibliographic details
- Authors: Alexei P Kireyev
- Published: April 13, 2017
- Series: IMF Working Papers
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475594720.001

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### Summary
- Author: Alexei P Kireyev
- Publication date: April 13, 2017
- The paper examines the poverty-reducing and distributional characteristics of Djibouti’s economic growth, and discusses policies that might help make growth more inclusive.
- Coverage period: between 2002 and 2013 (for which comparable household surveys are available).
- Main interpretation: while the overall level of poverty in Djibouti declined in the past decade, there have been no clear signs of improvements in either equality or growth inclusiveness.

### Main findings
- Poverty:
  - The overall level of poverty in Djibouti declined over the period studied.
- Inequality and inclusiveness:
  - There have been no clear signs of improvements in equality.
  - Growth has not been inclusive and benefitted mainly those in the upper part of the income distribution.
- Confidence on conclusions:
  - These conclusions should be treated as indicative.

### Policy implications and recommendations
- Growth strategy:
  - Progress in poverty reduction and inclusiveness would require not only sustained high growth but also the creation of opportunities in sectors with high earning potential for the poor.
- Social policy:
  - Better targeted social policies would help reduce poverty and improve inclusiveness.
- Public spending:
  - More attention to the regional distribution of spending would also help reduce poverty and improve inclusiveness.

### Data, subjects, and keywords
- Data period: 2002–2013 (comparable household surveys).
- Subjects: Income, Income inequality, National accounts, Population and demographics, Poverty, Poverty reduction.
- Keywords: confidence interval, decile ratio, Djibouti, food poverty line, Global, growth, growth rate, household survey, inclusiveness, Income, Income inequality, inequality, Lorenz curve, poverty gap, Poverty reduction, povery reduction, Sub-Saharan Africa, WP.

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## Content in this bundle

- **Growth Inclusiveness in Djibouti, WP/17/93, April 2017**
  - [Growth Inclusiveness in Djibouti, WP/17/93, April 2017 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/publications/wp/2017/wp1793.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Growth Inclusiveness in Djibouti, WP/17/93, April 2017 (PDF)](/-/media/files/publications/wp/2017/wp1793.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/04/13/growth-inclusiveness-in-djibouti-44835_