{
  "title": "Expenditure Conditionality in IMF-supported Programs",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, December 7, 2018",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2018/12/07/expenditure-conditionality-in-imf-supported-programs-46448",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2018/12/07/expenditure-conditionality-in-imf-supported-programs-46448",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2018/12/07/expenditure-conditionality-in-imf-supported-programs-46448/index.md",
  "summary": "This paper studies the impact of expenditure conditionality in IMF programs on the composition of public spending. A granular dataset on different government expenditure conditions covering 115 countries for the 1992-2016 period is compiled.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Study scope and data",
      "content": "- Granular dataset compiled covering 115 countries for the 1992-2016 period.\n- Paper length: 31 pages.\n- Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Michela Schena, Reza Yousefi.\n- Publication: IMF Working Papers, Working Paper No. 2018/255 (Volume: 2018, Issue: 255).\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484389072.001\n- ISBN: 9781484389072\n- ISSN: 1018-5941"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings on conditionality and spending composition",
      "content": "- Conditionality on specific elements of spending can help achieve a program’s short-term objectives.\n- Structural conditionality delivers lasting benefits.\n- Structural public financial management conditionality (examples: budget execution and control) has been effective in boosting the long-term level of:\n  - education expenditures,\n  - health expenditures,\n  - public investment expenditures.\n- Conditionality aimed at raising spending in these areas may come at the expense of other expenditures.\n- Successful implementation (and not mere existence) of the conditionality is crucial for improved outcomes."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy implications and relevance",
      "content": "- Structural public financial management reforms should be prioritized where the objective is durable increases in education, health, and public investment spending.\n- Policymakers targeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) should consider:\n  - Emphasizing implementation capacity for conditionality, not just design.\n  - Anticipating trade-offs between raising specific expenditure categories and reductions in other expenditures.\n\nSource: Expenditure Conditionality in IMF-supported Programs (IMF Working Papers, Working Paper No. 2018/255).\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Expenditure Conditionality in IMF-Supported Programs, WP/18/255, December 2018\n  - Expenditure Conditionality in IMF-Supported Programs, WP/18/255, December 2018 (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Expenditure Conditionality in IMF-Supported Programs, WP/18/255, December 2018 (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2018/12/07/expenditure-conditionality-in-imf-supported-programs-46448"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2018/12/07/expenditure-conditionality-in-imf-supported-programs-46448/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2018/12/07/expenditure-conditionality-in-imf-supported-programs-46448/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/wp/issues/2018/12/07/expenditure-conditionality-in-imf-supported-programs-46448/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Michela Schena, Reza Yousefi",
    "Published: December 7, 2018",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484389072.001",
    "Granular dataset compiled covering 115 countries for the 1992-2016 period.",
    "Paper length: 31 pages.",
    "Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Michela Schena, Reza Yousefi.",
    "Publication: IMF Working Papers, Working Paper No. 2018/255 (Volume: 2018, Issue: 255).",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484389072.001",
    "ISBN: 9781484389072",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
    "Conditionality on specific elements of spending can help achieve a program’s short-term objectives.",
    "Structural conditionality delivers lasting benefits.",
    "Structural public financial management conditionality (examples: budget execution and control) has been effective in boosting the long-term level of:",
    "Conditionality aimed at raising spending in these areas may come at the expense of other expenditures.",
    "Successful implementation (and not mere existence) of the conditionality is crucial for improved outcomes.",
    "Structural public financial management reforms should be prioritized where the objective is durable increases in education, health, and public investment spending.",
    "Policymakers targeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) should consider:",
    "**Expenditure Conditionality in IMF-Supported Programs, WP/18/255, December 2018**"
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "title": "Expenditure Conditionality in IMF-Supported Programs, WP/18/255, December 2018",
      "role": "document",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/wp/2018/wp18255.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/wp/2018/wp18255.pdf.md",
        "mime": "text/markdown"
      },
      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/wp/2018/wp18255.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
      }
    }
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2018/12/07/expenditure-conditionality-in-imf-supported-programs-46448/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2018/12/07/expenditure-conditionality-in-imf-supported-programs-46448/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2018/12/07/expenditure-conditionality-in-imf-supported-programs-46448/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-18T14:25:30.717Z"
}