{
  "title": "Private Sector Job Creation in MENA: Prioritizing the Reform Agenda",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, September 27, 2019",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2019/09/27/private-sector-job-creation-in-mena-prioritizing-the-reform-agenda-48561",
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  "summary": "This paper examines the extent to which firms in selected MENA countries reported being constrained by the business environment around the time of the Arab Spring and the extent to which these constraints affected their employment performance.",
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    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- Authors: Benedicte Baduel, Carolin Geginat, Gaëlle Pierre\n- Date: September 27, 2019\n- Core question: To what extent did firms in selected MENA countries report being constrained by the business environment around the time of the Arab Spring, and how did these constraints affect their employment performance?\n- Data source cited: World Bank enterprise survey"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings",
      "content": "- Small firms in MENA faced more structural constraints than similar firms in other regions.\n- MENA firms’ weaker job creation is explained in great part by the macroeconomic environment and structural constraints.\n- Specific factors identified as explaining a significant part of the lack of employment growth in MENA firms compared to their peers:\n  - Low GDP growth\n  - Falling external competitiveness\n  - Corruption\n  - Lack of access to finance\n  - Poor access to electricity"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Scope and subjects",
      "content": "- Subject tags included in the publication: Business environment, Commodities, Economic sectors, Electricity, Employment, Job creation, Labor, Labor productivity, Production\n- Keywords listed: Arab Countries in Transition, Business environment, Central and Eastern Europe, credit constraint, Electricity, employment, employment creation, employment growth, employment performance, enterprise survey, firm exit, firms in Mena, firms' characteristic, Job creation, Labor productivity, medium-sized firm, MENA, micro firm, private sector, SMEs, World Bank enterprise survey, World Bank enterprises survey, WP\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2019/09/27/private-sector-job-creation-in-mena-prioritizing-the-reform-agenda-48561"
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    "Authors: Benedicte Baduel, Carolin Geginat, Gaëlle Pierre",
    "Published: September 27, 2019",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513512228.001",
    "Authors: Benedicte Baduel, Carolin Geginat, Gaëlle Pierre",
    "Date: September 27, 2019",
    "Core question: To what extent did firms in selected MENA countries report being constrained by the business environment around the time of the Arab Spring, and how did these constraints affect their employment performance?",
    "Data source cited: World Bank enterprise survey",
    "Small firms in MENA faced more structural constraints than similar firms in other regions.",
    "MENA firms’ weaker job creation is explained in great part by the macroeconomic environment and structural constraints.",
    "Specific factors identified as explaining a significant part of the lack of employment growth in MENA firms compared to their peers:",
    "Subject tags included in the publication: Business environment, Commodities, Economic sectors, Electricity, Employment, Job creation, Labor, Labor productivity, Production",
    "Keywords listed: Arab Countries in Transition, Business environment, Central and Eastern Europe, credit constraint, Electricity, employment, employment creation, employment growth, employment performance, enterprise survey, firm exit, firms in Mena, firms' characteristic, Job creation, Labor productivity, medium-sized firm, MENA, micro firm, private sector, SMEs, World Bank enterprise survey, World Bank enterprises survey, WP",
    "**Working Paper**"
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