{
  "title": "Judge Bias in Labor Courts and Firm Performance",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, February 12, 2021",
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  "summary": "Does labor court uncertainty and judge subjectivity influence firms’ performance? We study the economic consequences of judge decisions by collecting information on more than 145,000 Appeal court rulings, combined with administrative firm-level records covering the whole universe of French firms.",
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    {
      "heading": "Summary and research question",
      "content": "- Research question: Does labor court uncertainty and judge subjectivity influence firms’ performance?\n- Data: information on more than 145,000 Appeal court rulings combined with administrative firm-level records covering the whole universe of French firms.\n- Identification: quasi-random assignment of judges to cases."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings",
      "content": "- Judge bias has statistically significant effects on the survival, employment, and sales of small low-performing firms.\n- The uncertainty associated with the actual dispersion of judge bias is small and has a non-significant impact on their average outcomes."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Methods and scope",
      "content": "- Sample: more than 145,000 Appeal court rulings; administrative firm-level records covering the whole universe of French firms.\n- Identification strategy: quasi-random assignment of judges to cases, enabling measurement of judge-level bias and its effects on firm outcomes."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subjects and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Economic and financial statistics; Employment; Labor; Return on investment; Wages\n- Keywords: appeal court rulings database; Dismissal compensation; firm survival; firm's employment; judge bias; judge level; pro-worker bias; WP\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2021/02/12/judge-bias-in-labor-courts-and-firm-performance-50061"
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    "Authors: Pierre Cahuc, Stéphane Carcillo, Berengere Patault, Flavien Moreau",
    "Published: February 12, 2021",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513569383.001",
    "Research question: Does labor court uncertainty and judge subjectivity influence firms’ performance?",
    "Data: information on more than 145,000 Appeal court rulings combined with administrative firm-level records covering the whole universe of French firms.",
    "Identification: quasi-random assignment of judges to cases.",
    "Judge bias has statistically significant effects on the survival, employment, and sales of small low-performing firms.",
    "The uncertainty associated with the actual dispersion of judge bias is small and has a non-significant impact on their average outcomes.",
    "Sample: more than 145,000 Appeal court rulings; administrative firm-level records covering the whole universe of French firms.",
    "Identification strategy: quasi-random assignment of judges to cases, enabling measurement of judge-level bias and its effects on firm outcomes.",
    "Subject: Economic and financial statistics; Employment; Labor; Return on investment; Wages",
    "Keywords: appeal court rulings database; Dismissal compensation; firm survival; firm's employment; judge bias; judge level; pro-worker bias; WP",
    "**Working Paper**"
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