{
  "title": "The Direct Employment Impact of Public Investment",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, May 6, 2021",
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  "summary": "We evaluate the direct employment effect of the public investment in key infrastructure—electricity, roads, schools and hospitals, and water and sanitation.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary of purpose and approach",
      "content": "- Evaluates the direct employment effect of public investment in key infrastructure: electricity, roads, schools and hospitals, and water and sanitation.\n- Uses firm-level panel data from 41 countries over 19 years."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key empirical findings",
      "content": "- US$1 million of public spending in infrastructure creates:\n  - 3–7 jobs in advanced economies\n  - 10–17 jobs in emerging market economies\n  - 16–30 jobs in low-income developing countries\n- As a comparison: US$1 million public spending on R&D yields 5–11 jobs in R&D in OECD countries.\n- Green investment and investment with a larger R&D component deliver higher employment effect.\n- One percent of global GDP in public investment can create more than seven million jobs worldwide through its direct employment effects alone."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject areas and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Employment, Expenditure, Income, Job creation, Labor, National accounts, Public investment spending\n- Keywords: construction employment, Employment, employment effect, employment impact, Global, Income, job content, Job creation, job elasticity, job intensity, job multiplier, Public investment spending"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Publication and document metadata (as reported)",
      "content": "- Author: Marian Moszoro\n- Date: May 6, 2021\n- Pages: 20\n- Volume: 2021\n- Issue: 131\n- Series: Working Paper No. 2021/131\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513573793.001\n- Stock No: WPIEA2021131\n- ISBN: 9781513573793\n- ISSN: 1018-5941\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2021/05/06/the-direct-employment-impact-of-public-investment\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2021/05/06/the-direct-employment-impact-of-public-investment-50251"
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    "Authors: Marian Moszoro",
    "Published: May 6, 2021",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513573793.001",
    "Evaluates the direct employment effect of public investment in key infrastructure: electricity, roads, schools and hospitals, and water and sanitation.",
    "Uses firm-level panel data from 41 countries over 19 years.",
    "US$1 million of public spending in infrastructure creates:",
    "As a comparison: US$1 million public spending on R&D yields 5–11 jobs in R&D in OECD countries.",
    "Green investment and investment with a larger R&D component deliver higher employment effect.",
    "One percent of global GDP in public investment can create more than seven million jobs worldwide through its direct employment effects alone.",
    "Subject: Employment, Expenditure, Income, Job creation, Labor, National accounts, Public investment spending",
    "Keywords: construction employment, Employment, employment effect, employment impact, Global, Income, job content, Job creation, job elasticity, job intensity, job multiplier, Public investment spending",
    "Author: Marian Moszoro",
    "Date: May 6, 2021",
    "Pages: 20",
    "Volume: 2021",
    "Issue: 131",
    "Series: Working Paper No. 2021/131",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513573793.001",
    "Stock No: WPIEA2021131",
    "ISBN: 9781513573793",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
    "**Working Paper**"
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