## Inclusivity in the Labor Market

_IMF Working Papers, May 19, 2021_

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [Inclusivity in the Labor Market](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2021/05/19/inclusivity-in-the-labor-market-50230)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2021/05/19/inclusivity-in-the-labor-market-50230/index.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2021/05/19/inclusivity-in-the-labor-market-50230/index.json)
- [Bundle manifest](/en/publications/wp/issues/2021/05/19/inclusivity-in-the-labor-market-50230/bundle-manifest.json)

## Bibliographic details
- Authors: Asmaa A ElGanainy, Ekkehard Ernst, Rossana Merola, Richard Rogerson, Martin Schindler
- Published: May 19, 2021
- Series: IMF Working Papers
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513573519.001

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### Overview and central thesis
- Labor earnings are the dominant income source for most individuals; therefore, an inclusive labor market is key for ensuring inclusive growth.
- The paper proposes four principles that an inclusive labor market will embody: access, fairness, protection and voice.
- Measuring inclusivity presents challenges; the paper discusses how data can be used to shed light on the extent of inclusivity and documents cross-country trends and stylized facts.

### Key findings and stylized facts
- Four organizing principles for inclusivity: access; fairness; protection; voice.
- Data can illuminate inclusivity but measurement faces challenges and limitations.
- Cross-country trends and stylized facts are documented (details in the full paper).

### Policy analysis and recommendations
- Policy focus areas:
  - Rebalance growth.
  - Improve risk sharing.
  - Fight discrimination.
- Policy design considerations:
  - Some policies entail a trade-off between the different dimensions of inclusivity.
  - It is important to view policies as a bundle, taking into account substitution and complementarities.
  - Some policies are win-win, in the sense that they both increase inclusivity and improve overall efficiency.

### Publication and metadata
- Title: Inclusivity in the Labor Market
- Authors: Asmaa A ElGanainy, Ekkehard Ernst, Rossana Merola, Richard Rogerson, Martin Schindler
- Date: May 19, 2021
- Series: Working Paper No. 2021/141
- Issue: 141
- Volume: 2021
- Pages: 50
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513573519.001
- Stock No: WPIEA2021141
- ISBN: 9781513573519
- ISSN: 1018-5941
- Subject: Economic sectors, Financial crises

*IMF Working Paper — Inclusivity in the Labor Market*

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## Content in this bundle

- **Working Paper**
  - [Working Paper (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/publications/wp/2021/english/wpiea2021141-print-pdf.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"}
  - [Working Paper (PDF)](/-/media/files/publications/wp/2021/english/wpiea2021141-print-pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2021/05/19/inclusivity-in-the-labor-market-50230_