{
  "title": "Intergenerational Social Mobility in Africa Since 1920",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, August 6, 2021",
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  "summary": "The COVID-19 crisis has a severe impact on education and employment and exposed the many social inequities that make some populations more vulnerable to shocks.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary",
      "content": "- The COVID-19 crisis has a severe impact on education and employment and exposed the many social inequities that make some populations more vulnerable to shocks.\n- Using a large harmonized dataset of more than 72 million individuals, the study examines socioeconomic status mobility across generations, measured by educational and occupational attainment.\n- The analysis uncovers substantial geographical variations in the degree of upward/downward educational and occupational mobility across and within African countries, and the gender and rural/urban divide.\n- The study explores determinants of social mobility in the African region and identifies several strong predictors."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings: mobility patterns",
      "content": "- Substantial geographical variations in upward/downward educational mobility across and within African countries.\n- Substantial geographical variations in upward/downward occupational mobility across and within African countries.\n- Pronounced gender divide in social mobility.\n- Pronounced rural/urban divide in social mobility.\n- Educational mobility is a driver of occupational mobility."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings: determinants and predictors",
      "content": "- Social mobility in Africa can be partly explained by observable individual characteristics (gender, marital status, age, etc.).\n- The following country-level factors are identified as strong predictors of social mobility in Africa:\n  - The quality of institutions\n  - The level of public spending on education\n  - Social protection coverage\n  - Natural resource endowments\n  - Countries' fragility"
    },
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      "heading": "Policy-relevant implications (as reported)",
      "content": "- Strengthening the quality of institutions may support higher social mobility.\n- Increasing public spending on education is associated with higher social mobility.\n- Expanding social protection coverage is associated with higher social mobility.\n- Natural resource endowments and countries' fragility are important contextual factors shaping social mobility outcomes.\n- Because educational mobility drives occupational mobility, policies that improve access to and quality of education can have downstream effects on occupational outcomes.\n\nIMF Working Paper: \"Intergenerational Social Mobility in Africa Since 1920\", Rasmané Ouedraogo and Nicolas Syrichas, Working Paper No. 2021/215.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2021/08/06/intergenerational-social-mobility-in-africa-since-1920-463400"
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    "Authors: Rasmané Ouedraogo, Nicolas Syrichas",
    "Published: August 6, 2021",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513593807.001",
    "The COVID-19 crisis has a severe impact on education and employment and exposed the many social inequities that make some populations more vulnerable to shocks.",
    "Using a large harmonized dataset of more than 72 million individuals, the study examines socioeconomic status mobility across generations, measured by educational and occupational attainment.",
    "The analysis uncovers substantial geographical variations in the degree of upward/downward educational and occupational mobility across and within African countries, and the gender and rural/urban divide.",
    "The study explores determinants of social mobility in the African region and identifies several strong predictors.",
    "Substantial geographical variations in upward/downward educational mobility across and within African countries.",
    "Substantial geographical variations in upward/downward occupational mobility across and within African countries.",
    "Pronounced gender divide in social mobility.",
    "Pronounced rural/urban divide in social mobility.",
    "Educational mobility is a driver of occupational mobility.",
    "Social mobility in Africa can be partly explained by observable individual characteristics (gender, marital status, age, etc.).",
    "The following country-level factors are identified as strong predictors of social mobility in Africa:",
    "Strengthening the quality of institutions may support higher social mobility.",
    "Increasing public spending on education is associated with higher social mobility.",
    "Expanding social protection coverage is associated with higher social mobility.",
    "Natural resource endowments and countries' fragility are important contextual factors shaping social mobility outcomes.",
    "Because educational mobility drives occupational mobility, policies that improve access to and quality of education can have downstream effects on occupational outcomes.",
    "**Working Paper**"
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