{
  "title": "E-commerce During Covid: Stylized Facts from 47 Economies",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, January 28, 2022",
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  "summary": "We study e-commerce across 47 economies and 26 industries during the COVID-19 pandemic using aggregated and anonymized transaction-level data from Mastercard, scaled to represent total consumer spending.",
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    {
      "heading": "Data and scope",
      "content": "- Study of e-commerce across 47 economies and 26 industries.\n- Uses aggregated and anonymized transaction-level data from Mastercard, scaled to represent total consumer spending.\n- Publication: IMF Working Papers, Working Paper No. 2022/019, Pages: 19, Volume: 2022, Issue: 019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781616359218.001, ISBN: 9781616359218, ISSN: 1018-5941.\n- Authors: Alberto Cavallo, Prachi Mishra, Antonio Spilimbergo.\n- Date: January 28, 2022."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings",
      "content": "- The share of online transactions in total consumption increased more in economies with higher pre-pandemic e-commerce shares, exacerbating the digital divide across economies.\n- At the aggregate level, the spikes in online spending shares observed during the pandemic are dissipating according to the latest data available in the study.\n- There is notable variation across industries in the persistence of digital shifts:\n  - The share of online spending in professional services and recreation has fallen below its pre-pandemic trend.\n  - There is a longer-lasting shift to digital in retail and restaurants."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Thematic observations",
      "content": "- Digitalization during COVID-19 was uneven across countries: pre-pandemic penetration of e-commerce amplified pandemic-era increases.\n- Industry-specific dynamics matter: some sectors reverted toward pre-pandemic trends while others sustained higher online shares.\n\nSource: \"E-commerce During Covid: Stylized Facts from 47 Economies\", Alberto Cavallo, Prachi Mishra, and Antonio Spilimbergo, IMF Working Papers 2022, 019 (2022).\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/01/28/e-commerce-during-covid-stylized-facts-from-47-economies-512014"
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    "Authors: Alberto Cavallo, Prachi Mishra, Antonio Spilimbergo",
    "Published: January 28, 2022",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781616359218.001",
    "Study of e-commerce across 47 economies and 26 industries.",
    "Uses aggregated and anonymized transaction-level data from Mastercard, scaled to represent total consumer spending.",
    "Publication: IMF Working Papers, Working Paper No. 2022/019, Pages: 19, Volume: 2022, Issue: 019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781616359218.001, ISBN: 9781616359218, ISSN: 1018-5941.",
    "Authors: Alberto Cavallo, Prachi Mishra, Antonio Spilimbergo.",
    "Date: January 28, 2022.",
    "The share of online transactions in total consumption increased more in economies with higher pre-pandemic e-commerce shares, exacerbating the digital divide across economies.",
    "At the aggregate level, the spikes in online spending shares observed during the pandemic are dissipating according to the latest data available in the study.",
    "There is notable variation across industries in the persistence of digital shifts:",
    "Digitalization during COVID-19 was uneven across countries: pre-pandemic penetration of e-commerce amplified pandemic-era increases.",
    "Industry-specific dynamics matter: some sectors reverted toward pre-pandemic trends while others sustained higher online shares.",
    "**Working Paper**"
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