{
  "title": "Closing Peru's Ethnic Gaps Amidst Sustained Economic Growth",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, September 9, 2022",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/09/09/closing-peru-s-ethnic-gaps-amidst-sustained-economic-growth-523274",
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  "summary": "We analyze the recent evolution of ethnic economic inequality in Peru, a major source of social discontent in the country. Household survey data indicates that recent decades of high output growth also witnessed a substantial narrowing of socioeconomic gaps among ethnicities.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary findings",
      "content": "- Recent decades of high output growth in Peru witnessed a substantial narrowing of socioeconomic gaps among ethnicities.\n- Household survey data indicates the Mestizo ethnic group surpassed the White group in income per capita.\n- Native American also experienced a relative improvement in income per capita.\n- Mincerian regression analysis suggests the main contributors to these developments were rural-to-urban migration and increased education."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Analysis and methods",
      "content": "- Data source: household survey data.\n- Empirical approach: Mincerian regression analysis.\n- Key analytical conclusion: rural-to-urban migration and increased education are primary drivers of narrowing ethnic economic inequality."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy recommendations",
      "content": "- Enhance education and other public services.\n- Increase government revenues.\n- Lower informality.\n- Promote competition.\n- These policy options are proposed as ways to accelerate the ongoing narrowing of ethnic gaps based on the paper’s statistical findings.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/09/09/closing-peru-s-ethnic-gaps-amidst-sustained-economic-growth-523274"
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    "Authors: Carlos Chavez, Gonzalo Salinas, Yuri Zamora",
    "Published: September 9, 2022",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400220333.001",
    "Recent decades of high output growth in Peru witnessed a substantial narrowing of socioeconomic gaps among ethnicities.",
    "Household survey data indicates the Mestizo ethnic group surpassed the White group in income per capita.",
    "Native American also experienced a relative improvement in income per capita.",
    "Mincerian regression analysis suggests the main contributors to these developments were rural-to-urban migration and increased education.",
    "Data source: household survey data.",
    "Empirical approach: Mincerian regression analysis.",
    "Key analytical conclusion: rural-to-urban migration and increased education are primary drivers of narrowing ethnic economic inequality.",
    "Enhance education and other public services.",
    "Increase government revenues.",
    "Lower informality.",
    "Promote competition.",
    "These policy options are proposed as ways to accelerate the ongoing narrowing of ethnic gaps based on the paper’s statistical findings.",
    "**Working Paper**"
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