{
  "title": "Intergenerational Transmission of Education in a Developing Country: Evidence from A Mass Education Program in Vietnam",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, December 9, 2022",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/12/09/intergenerational-transmission-of-education-in-a-developing-country-evidence-from-a-mass-526829",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/12/09/intergenerational-transmission-of-education-in-a-developing-country-evidence-from-a-mass-526829",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/12/09/intergenerational-transmission-of-education-in-a-developing-country-evidence-from-a-mass-526829/index.md",
  "summary": "We study the long-run and multi-generational effects of a mass education program in Vietnam during the First Indochina War (1946-1954). Difference-in-difference estimations indicate that the children of mothers exposed to the education program had an average of 0.9 more years of education.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Study summary",
      "content": "- Authors: Trung Hoang, Ha Nguyen\n- Date: December 9, 2022\n- Context: Mass education program in Vietnam during the First Indochina War (1946-1954).\n- Method: Difference-in-difference estimations."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings",
      "content": "- Children of mothers exposed to the education program had an average of 0.9 more years of education.\n- An additional year of maternal education increases children’s education by up to 0.65 years.\n- The estimated intergenerational effect (up to 0.65 years per maternal year) is reported as stronger than effects found in existing literature."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Proposed transmission mechanisms",
      "content": "- Impact operates via mother’s education.\n- Possible pathways identified:\n  - Better household lifestyles.\n  - A stronger focus on education within households.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/12/09/intergenerational-transmission-of-education-in-a-developing-country-evidence-from-a-mass-526829"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/12/09/intergenerational-transmission-of-education-in-a-developing-country-evidence-from-a-mass-526829/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/12/09/intergenerational-transmission-of-education-in-a-developing-country-evidence-from-a-mass-526829/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/12/09/intergenerational-transmission-of-education-in-a-developing-country-evidence-from-a-mass-526829/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: Trung Hoang, Ha Nguyen",
    "Published: December 9, 2022",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400226922.001",
    "Authors: Trung Hoang, Ha Nguyen",
    "Date: December 9, 2022",
    "Context: Mass education program in Vietnam during the First Indochina War (1946-1954).",
    "Method: Difference-in-difference estimations.",
    "Children of mothers exposed to the education program had an average of 0.9 more years of education.",
    "An additional year of maternal education increases children’s education by up to 0.65 years.",
    "The estimated intergenerational effect (up to 0.65 years per maternal year) is reported as stronger than effects found in existing literature.",
    "Impact operates via mother’s education.",
    "Possible pathways identified:",
    "**Working Paper**"
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "title": "Working Paper",
      "role": "paper",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/wp/2022/english/wpiea2022245-print-pdf.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/wp/2022/english/wpiea2022245-print-pdf.pdf.md",
        "mime": "text/markdown"
      },
      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/wp/2022/english/wpiea2022245-print-pdf.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
      }
    }
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/12/09/intergenerational-transmission-of-education-in-a-developing-country-evidence-from-a-mass-526829/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/12/09/intergenerational-transmission-of-education-in-a-developing-country-evidence-from-a-mass-526829/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2022/12/09/intergenerational-transmission-of-education-in-a-developing-country-evidence-from-a-mass-526829/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-16T21:57:05.355Z"
}