{
  "title": "Climate Mitigation Policy in Türkiye",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, May 12, 2023",
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  "summary": "This paper discusses potential elements of a comprehensive strategy for making headway on Türkiye’s net zero emissions pedge for 2053.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Executive Summary",
      "content": "- Discusses potential elements of a comprehensive strategy for making headway on Türkiye’s net zero emissions pedge for 2053.\n- Core elements include:\n  - aligning 2030 emissions commitments with long term neutrality;\n  - implementing a carbon price rising to an ilustrative $75 per tonne by 2030;\n  - enhancing acceptability through using carbon pricing revenues efficiently and equitably and including competitveness measures;\n  - introducing various feebate schemes (the fiscal analogue of regulations) to reinforce mitigation incentives in the power, industry, transport, building, forestry, and agricultural sectors."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Modeling Results and Key Statistics",
      "content": "- A phased revenue-neutral $75 carbon price:\n  - reduces CO2 emisisons 21 percent below baseline levels in 2030;\n  - raises revenues of 1.7 percent of GDP;\n  - avoids 11,000 air pollution deaths over the decade;\n  - imposes an average burden on households of 3 percent of their consumption (before revenue-recycling).\n- With revenues used for targeted transfers and labor tax reductions:\n  - the overall policy is pro-poor and pro-equity;\n  - average household is better off by 0.4 percent."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy Elements and Recommendations",
      "content": "- Align near-term (2030) commitments with long-term neutrality (2053).\n- Implement a phased carbon price reaching $75 per tonne by 2030.\n- Use carbon pricing revenues efficiently and equitably to enhance acceptability:\n  - targeted transfers;\n  - labor tax reductions.\n- Include competitiveness measures to mitigate adverse impacts on exposed firms and sectors.\n- Introduce feebate schemes across sectors as a fiscal analogue to regulations to strengthen mitigation incentives in:\n  - power;\n  - industry;\n  - transport;\n  - building;\n  - forestry;\n  - agricultural sectors."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Subject and Keywords",
      "content": "- Subject: Carbon tax, Environment, Greenhouse gas emissions, Non-renewable resources, Renewable energy, Taxes\n- Keywords: agriculture, allowance price volatility, buildings, carbon pricing, carbon tax, Climate change, emission rate, emissions intensity, emissions trading system, feebate, forestry., Global, Greenhouse gas emissions, industry, mitigation policy, Non-renewable resources, power, Renewable energy, transportation, Türkiye climate mitigation\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/05/22/climate-mitigation-policy-in-trkiye-532658"
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    "Authors: Ian W.H. Parry, Danielle N Minnett, Karlygash Zhunussova",
    "Published: May 12, 2023",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400241291.001",
    "Discusses potential elements of a comprehensive strategy for making headway on Türkiye’s net zero emissions pedge for 2053.",
    "Core elements include:",
    "A phased revenue-neutral $75 carbon price:",
    "With revenues used for targeted transfers and labor tax reductions:",
    "Align near-term (2030) commitments with long-term neutrality (2053).",
    "Implement a phased carbon price reaching $75 per tonne by 2030.",
    "Use carbon pricing revenues efficiently and equitably to enhance acceptability:",
    "Include competitiveness measures to mitigate adverse impacts on exposed firms and sectors.",
    "Introduce feebate schemes across sectors as a fiscal analogue to regulations to strengthen mitigation incentives in:",
    "Subject: Carbon tax, Environment, Greenhouse gas emissions, Non-renewable resources, Renewable energy, Taxes",
    "Keywords: agriculture, allowance price volatility, buildings, carbon pricing, carbon tax, Climate change, emission rate, emissions intensity, emissions trading system, feebate, forestry., Global, Greenhouse gas emissions, industry, mitigation policy, Non-renewable resources, power, Renewable energy, transportation, Türkiye climate mitigation",
    "**Working Paper**"
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