{
  "title": "Will Working from Home Stick in Developing Economies?",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, May 26, 2023",
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  "summary": "In developing economies, a shift to working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic varies substantially. An increase in teleworking days per week ranges from 0.7 to 17.6 percentage points across 10 developing countries covered by an online survey to about 500 respondents per country.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Key findings",
      "content": "- Shift to working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic varies substantially across countries covered by the study.\n- Increase in teleworking days per week ranges from 0.7 to 17.6 percentage points across 10 developing countries covered by an online survey.\n- The online survey sampled about 500 respondents per country.\n- An estimated income discount associated with telework disappeared temporarily at the onset of the pandemic.\n- A calibrated model indicates that workers’ preferences to telework may largely depend on their educational attainments.\n- Whether telework will sustain in these countries could depend on obstacles to telework, particularly for workers with less education, and a degree of economy-wide externality."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Data, methods, and scope",
      "content": "- Study based on an online survey covering 10 developing countries with about 500 respondents per country.\n- Includes a calibrated model to assess preferences for telework across education levels.\n- Publication length: 44 pages.\n- Publication series: Working Paper No. 2023/112, Volume 2023, Issue 112.\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400244025.001\n- ISBN: 9798400244025\n- ISSN: 1018-5941"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Thematic subjects and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject areas: COVID-19, Education, Health, Income, National accounts\n- Keywords: COVID-19, employment status, Global, Income, income discount, income earner, Telework share, Telework situation\n\nIMF Working Paper No. 2023/112 (May 26, 2023).\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/05/26/will-working-from-home-stick-in-developing-economies-533850"
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    "Authors: . Marina Conesa Martinez, Futoshi Narita, Chris Papageorgiou",
    "Published: May 26, 2023",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400244025.001",
    "Shift to working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic varies substantially across countries covered by the study.",
    "Increase in teleworking days per week ranges from 0.7 to 17.6 percentage points across 10 developing countries covered by an online survey.",
    "The online survey sampled about 500 respondents per country.",
    "An estimated income discount associated with telework disappeared temporarily at the onset of the pandemic.",
    "A calibrated model indicates that workers’ preferences to telework may largely depend on their educational attainments.",
    "Whether telework will sustain in these countries could depend on obstacles to telework, particularly for workers with less education, and a degree of economy-wide externality.",
    "Study based on an online survey covering 10 developing countries with about 500 respondents per country.",
    "Includes a calibrated model to assess preferences for telework across education levels.",
    "Publication length: 44 pages.",
    "Publication series: Working Paper No. 2023/112, Volume 2023, Issue 112.",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400244025.001",
    "ISBN: 9798400244025",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
    "Subject areas: COVID-19, Education, Health, Income, National accounts",
    "Keywords: COVID-19, employment status, Global, Income, income discount, income earner, Telework share, Telework situation",
    "**Working Paper**"
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