{
  "title": "Climate and Cross-Border Migration",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, December 8, 2023",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/12/08/climate-and-cross-border-migration-542196",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/12/08/climate-and-cross-border-migration-542196",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/12/08/climate-and-cross-border-migration-542196/index.md",
  "summary": "Our work is positioned at the intersection of migration and climate change—two key forces shaping the economic outlook of many countries.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary findings",
      "content": "- The analysis explores: (i) the relative importance of origin-country vs destination-country factors in explaining migration patterns; (ii) importance of climate disasters as driver of cross-border migration; and (iii) the importance of climate-driven migration on the overall impact of climate on macroeconomic outcomes.\n- Main findings:\n  - Both origin-country and destination-country contribute to explaining migration outflows from EMDEs, although only the global shocks seem important for advanced economies.\n  - Climate disasters are important for explaining the origin-country migration shocks in LICs and EMDEs, are especially relevant for smaller countries, and lead to migration of both genders, albeit relatively more for males out of LICs.\n  - An important portion of climate’s overall impact on economic outcomes—especially agricultural GDP, remittances, and inequality—is captured via climate-driven migration.\n  - Higher investment in climate-resilient infrastructure can reduce the impact of climate on cross-border migration, and thereby, result in potentially important economic gains."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy implications and analytical focus",
      "content": "- Emphasizes the intersection of migration and climate change as key forces shaping economic outlooks.\n- Highlights the need to account for both origin- and destination-country factors when analyzing migration from EMDEs.\n- Identifies climate disasters as a significant driver of origin-country migration shocks in LICs and EMDEs, with policy relevance for smaller countries and gender-differentiated migration responses.\n- Suggests that investments in climate-resilient infrastructure could mitigate climate-driven migration and yield economic benefits, particularly through effects on agricultural GDP, remittances, and inequality.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/12/08/climate-and-cross-border-migration-542196"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/12/08/climate-and-cross-border-migration-542196/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/12/08/climate-and-cross-border-migration-542196/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/12/08/climate-and-cross-border-migration-542196/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: Paula Beltran, Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov",
    "Published: December 8, 2023",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400261879.001",
    "The analysis explores: (i) the relative importance of origin-country vs destination-country factors in explaining migration patterns; (ii) importance of climate disasters as driver of cross-border migration; and (iii) the importance of climate-driven migration on the overall impact of climate on macroeconomic outcomes.",
    "Main findings:",
    "Emphasizes the intersection of migration and climate change as key forces shaping economic outlooks.",
    "Highlights the need to account for both origin- and destination-country factors when analyzing migration from EMDEs.",
    "Identifies climate disasters as a significant driver of origin-country migration shocks in LICs and EMDEs, with policy relevance for smaller countries and gender-differentiated migration responses.",
    "Suggests that investments in climate-resilient infrastructure could mitigate climate-driven migration and yield economic benefits, particularly through effects on agricultural GDP, remittances, and inequality.",
    "**Working Paper**"
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "title": "Working Paper",
      "role": "paper",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/wp/2023/english/wpiea2023250-print-pdf.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/wp/2023/english/wpiea2023250-print-pdf.pdf.md",
        "mime": "text/markdown"
      },
      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/wp/2023/english/wpiea2023250-print-pdf.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
      }
    }
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/12/08/climate-and-cross-border-migration-542196/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/12/08/climate-and-cross-border-migration-542196/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2023/12/08/climate-and-cross-border-migration-542196/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-16T23:22:21.374Z"
}