{
  "title": "Navigating the Evolving Landscape between China and Africa’s Economic Engagements",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, February 23, 2024",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/02/23/navigating-the-evolving-landscape-between-china-and-africas-economic-engagements-545104",
  "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/02/23/navigating-the-evolving-landscape-between-china-and-africas-economic-engagements-545104",
  "overlayPath": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/02/23/navigating-the-evolving-landscape-between-china-and-africas-economic-engagements-545104/index.md",
  "summary": "China and Africa have forged a strong economic relationship since China’s accession to the WTO in 2001. This paper examines the evolution of these economic ties starting in the early 2000s, and the subsequent shift in the relationship triggered by the commodity price collapse in 2015 and by the COVI",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview and scope",
      "content": "- Authors: Wenjie Chen, Michele Fornino, Henry Rawlings\n- Publication date: February 23, 2024\n- Series: IMF Working Papers, Working Paper No. 2024/037\n- Pages: 34\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400267840.001\n- ISBN: 9798400267840\n- ISSN: 1018-5941\n- Subject areas: Balance of payments; Exports; External debt; Financial institutions; Foreign aid; Foreign direct investment; International trade; Loans"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Evolution of China–Africa economic ties",
      "content": "- China and Africa forged a strong economic relationship beginning with China’s accession to the WTO in 2001.\n- The paper examines the evolution of these ties starting in the early 2000s."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Major structural shifts identified",
      "content": "- The relationship experienced a significant shift triggered by:\n  - the commodity price collapse in 2015\n  - the COVID-19 pandemic\n- These shocks altered trade, investment, and financing patterns between China and African countries."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Analysis of a potential further slowdown in Chinese growth",
      "content": "- The paper analyzes potential effects on the African continent from a further slowdown in Chinese growth.\n- Findings emphasize heterogeneous impacts across African countries:\n  - Countries heavily dependent on their economic relationship with China face larger adverse effects.\n  - Variation in exposure arises from differences in export composition, foreign direct investment linkages, lending relationships, and external debt profiles."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy discussion and adaptation options",
      "content": "- The conclusion discusses ways African countries and China could adapt to the changing relationship.\n- Policy themes include:\n  - Diversifying trade and investment partners and export baskets.\n  - Strengthening domestic institutions and debt management frameworks.\n  - Reorienting investment toward productivity-enhancing projects.\n  - Enhancing regional integration to reduce vulnerability to bilateral shocks."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Keywords and models cited",
      "content": "- Keywords: A. AFRMOD, Africa, AFRMOD model, Belt and Road Initiative., C. Investment linkage, Caribbean, China, Debt, economic engagement, Exports, Foreign direct investment, Global, growth slowdown, Investment, Lending, Loans, South America, sub-Saharan Africa, Trade\n\nIMF Working Paper No. 2024/037; Wenjie Chen, Michele Fornino, Henry Rawlings; February 23, 2024.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/02/23/navigating-the-evolving-landscape-between-china-and-africas-economic-engagements-545104"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "[Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/02/23/navigating-the-evolving-landscape-between-china-and-africas-economic-engagements-545104/index.md)",
    "[Structured JSON version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/02/23/navigating-the-evolving-landscape-between-china-and-africas-economic-engagements-545104/index.json)",
    "[Bundle manifest](/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/02/23/navigating-the-evolving-landscape-between-china-and-africas-economic-engagements-545104/bundle-manifest.json)",
    "Authors: Wenjie Chen, Michele Fornino, Henry Rawlings",
    "Published: February 23, 2024",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400267840.001",
    "Authors: Wenjie Chen, Michele Fornino, Henry Rawlings",
    "Publication date: February 23, 2024",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers, Working Paper No. 2024/037",
    "Pages: 34",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400267840.001",
    "ISBN: 9798400267840",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
    "Subject areas: Balance of payments; Exports; External debt; Financial institutions; Foreign aid; Foreign direct investment; International trade; Loans",
    "China and Africa forged a strong economic relationship beginning with China’s accession to the WTO in 2001.",
    "The paper examines the evolution of these ties starting in the early 2000s.",
    "The relationship experienced a significant shift triggered by:",
    "These shocks altered trade, investment, and financing patterns between China and African countries.",
    "The paper analyzes potential effects on the African continent from a further slowdown in Chinese growth.",
    "Findings emphasize heterogeneous impacts across African countries:",
    "The conclusion discusses ways African countries and China could adapt to the changing relationship.",
    "Policy themes include:",
    "Keywords: A. AFRMOD, Africa, AFRMOD model, Belt and Road Initiative., C. Investment linkage, Caribbean, China, Debt, economic engagement, Exports, Foreign direct investment, Global, growth slowdown, Investment, Lending, Loans, South America, sub-Saharan Africa, Trade",
    "**Working Paper**"
  ],
  "related": [
    {
      "title": "Working Paper",
      "role": "paper",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/wp/2024/english/wpiea2024037-print-pdf.pdf",
      "summary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/wp/2024/english/wpiea2024037-print-pdf.pdf.md",
        "mime": "text/markdown"
      },
      "binary": {
        "path": "/-/media/files/publications/wp/2024/english/wpiea2024037-print-pdf.pdf",
        "mime": "application/pdf"
      }
    }
  ],
  "alternates": {
    "markdown": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/02/23/navigating-the-evolving-landscape-between-china-and-africas-economic-engagements-545104/index.md",
    "json": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/02/23/navigating-the-evolving-landscape-between-china-and-africas-economic-engagements-545104/index.json",
    "bundleManifest": "/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/02/23/navigating-the-evolving-landscape-between-china-and-africas-economic-engagements-545104/bundle-manifest.json"
  },
  "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-16T23:41:35.801Z"
}