## A Primer on Bitcoin Cross-Border Flows: Measurement and Drivers

_IMF Working Papers, April 5, 2024_

## Source details

**Canonical URL:** [A Primer on Bitcoin Cross-Border Flows: Measurement and Drivers](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/04/05/a-primer-on-bitcoin-cross-border-flows-measurement-and-drivers-547429)

## Other formats

- [Markdown version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/04/05/a-primer-on-bitcoin-cross-border-flows-measurement-and-drivers-547429/index.md)
- [Structured JSON version](/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/04/05/a-primer-on-bitcoin-cross-border-flows-measurement-and-drivers-547429/index.json)
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## Bibliographic details
- Authors: Eugenio M Cerutti, Jiaqian Chen, Martina Hengge
- Published: April 5, 2024
- Series: IMF Working Papers
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400274879.001

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### Overview and data
- Authors: Eugenio M Cerutti, Jiaqian Chen, Martina Hengge
- Date: April 5, 2024
- Raw data: covers both on-chain (on the Bitcoin blockchain) and off-chain (outside the Bitcoin blockchain) transactions globally.
- Pages: 43
- Volume: 2024
- Issue: 085
- Series: Working Paper No. 2024/085
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400274879.001
- Stock No: WPIEA2024085
- ISBN: 9798400274879
- ISSN: 1018-5941

### Methodology and measurement
- Provides a detailed description of available methodologies and datasets for quantifying Bitcoin cross-border flows.
- Discusses the crucial assumptions behind the quantification of cross-border flows.
- Distinguishes between on-chain and off-chain transaction measurement approaches.

### Stylized facts and key findings
- Presents novel stylized facts about Bitcoin cross-border flows.
- Bitcoin cross-border flows respond differently than capital flows to traditional drivers of capital flows.
- Differences appear between on-chain and off-chain Bitcoin cross-border flows.
- Off-chain cross-border flows seem correlated with incentives to avoid capital flow restrictions.

### Themes and subject areas
- Balance of payments
- Blockchain and DLT
- Capital flows
- Currencies
- Financial activity tax
- Money
- Taxes
- Technology

### Keywords
- Bitcoin
- bitcoin blockchain
- bitcoin flow
- Bitcoin transaction
- Blockchain and DLT
- capital flow restriction
- Capital flows
- cross-border flow
- Cross-border flows
- Crypto assets
- Currencies
- Financial activity tax
- Global

*IMF Working Paper (2024/085) — Eugenio M Cerutti, Jiaqian Chen, Martina Hengge, April 5, 2024.*

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## Content in this bundle

- **Working Paper**
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  - [Working Paper (PDF)](/-/media/files/publications/wp/2024/english/wpiea2024085-print-pdf.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"}

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_Source: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/04/05/a-primer-on-bitcoin-cross-border-flows-measurement-and-drivers-547429_