{
  "title": "E-Commerce During COVID in Spain: One “Click” Does Not Fit All",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, May 24, 2024",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/05/24/e-commerce-during-covid-in-spain-one-click-does-not-fit-all-549510",
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  "summary": "The share of e-commerce in total credit-card spending boomed during Covid in Spain. In particular, women, youth, and urban consumers used e-commerce proportionally more during the pandemic, especially for services.",
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    {
      "heading": "Authors and publication",
      "content": "- By Prachi Mishra, Alvaro Ortiz, Tomasa Rodrigo, Antonio Spilimbergo, Sirenia Vazquez\n- May 24, 2024\n- IMF Working Papers, Working Paper No. 2024/107\n- Pages: 36\n- Volume: 2024\n- Issue: 107\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400277399.001\n- ISBN: 9798400277399\n- ISSN: 1018-5941\n- Stock No: WPIEA2024107"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Research question and data",
      "content": "- Research question: How did e-commerce use in Spain change during COVID, and which behavioral mechanisms (fear, hoarding, learning) explain observed changes?\n- Data: A unique proprietary dataset on credit card transactions."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key findings",
      "content": "- The share of e-commerce in total credit-card spending boomed during Covid in Spain.\n- Demographic patterns during the pandemic:\n  - Women used e-commerce proportionally more during the pandemic.\n  - Youth used e-commerce proportionally more during the pandemic.\n  - Urban consumers used e-commerce proportionally more during the pandemic.\n- Sectoral pattern:\n  - The increased e-commerce use during the pandemic was especially pronounced for services.\n- Post-pandemic evolution:\n  - Overall, e-commerce share reverted to its pre-Covid trend as the pandemic waned.\n- Heterogeneity and lasting change:\n  - Some consumers with lower pre-Covid e-commerce usage tend to permanently use more e-commerce, supporting the conjecture of “learning by locking” for these individuals."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Themes and keywords",
      "content": "- Subject areas: Consumption, COVID-19, Expenditure, Health, National accounts, Population and demographics, Total expenditures\n- Keywords: aggregate consumption e-commerce, Consumption, Covid, Covid e-commerce usage, Covid trend, COVID-19, e-commerce, e-commerce share, Europe, learning, share of e-commerce, Total expenditures\n\nIMF Working Paper No. 2024/107\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/05/24/e-commerce-during-covid-in-spain-one-click-does-not-fit-all-549510"
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    "Authors: Prachi Mishra, Alvaro Ortiz, Tomasa Rodrigo, Antonio Spilimbergo, Sirenia Vazquez",
    "Published: May 24, 2024",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400277399.001",
    "By Prachi Mishra, Alvaro Ortiz, Tomasa Rodrigo, Antonio Spilimbergo, Sirenia Vazquez",
    "May 24, 2024",
    "IMF Working Papers, Working Paper No. 2024/107",
    "Pages: 36",
    "Volume: 2024",
    "Issue: 107",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400277399.001",
    "ISBN: 9798400277399",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
    "Stock No: WPIEA2024107",
    "Research question: How did e-commerce use in Spain change during COVID, and which behavioral mechanisms (fear, hoarding, learning) explain observed changes?",
    "Data: A unique proprietary dataset on credit card transactions.",
    "The share of e-commerce in total credit-card spending boomed during Covid in Spain.",
    "Demographic patterns during the pandemic:",
    "Sectoral pattern:",
    "Post-pandemic evolution:",
    "Heterogeneity and lasting change:",
    "Subject areas: Consumption, COVID-19, Expenditure, Health, National accounts, Population and demographics, Total expenditures",
    "Keywords: aggregate consumption e-commerce, Consumption, Covid, Covid e-commerce usage, Covid trend, COVID-19, e-commerce, e-commerce share, Europe, learning, share of e-commerce, Total expenditures",
    "**Working Paper**"
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