{
  "title": "Advancing India’s Structural Transformation and Catch-up to the Technology Frontier",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, July 9, 2024",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/07/08/advancing-indias-structural-transformation-and-catch-up-to-the-technology-frontier-551435",
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  "summary": "While India’s growth has been strong in recent decades, its structural transformation remains incomplete. In this paper, we first take stock of India’s growth to date. We find that economic activity has shifted from agriculture to services, but agriculture remains the predominant employer.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary of findings: recent growth and structural change",
      "content": "- Economic activity has shifted from agriculture to services.\n- Agriculture remains the predominant employer.\n- Catch up to the technological frontier has been uneven across sectors.\n- Some Indian firms are already operating at the technological frontier; these strong performers tend to be large firms."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Sectoral detail and productivity patterns",
      "content": "- Limited progress in agriculture in terms of catch up to the technological frontier.\n- Construction and trade show limited progress in technological catch up, despite having grown the most in terms of employment.\n- Services have expanded in economic activity relative to agriculture."
    },
    {
      "heading": "India’s employment challenge and projections",
      "content": "- India needs to create between 143-324 million jobs by 2050.\n- Creating these jobs and shifting workers toward more dynamic sectors could boost GDP growth by 0.2-0.5 percentage points."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy implications and recommendations",
      "content": "- Structural reforms can help India create high-quality jobs and accelerate growth.\n- Policies that support firm dynamism and allow more firms to reach the technological frontier—particularly beyond current large-firm frontier performers—would support productivity and employment outcomes."
    },
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      "heading": "Publication and metadata",
      "content": "- Authors: Cristian Alonso, Margaux MacDonald\n- Publication date: July 9, 2024\n- Series: IMF Working Papers, Working Paper No. 2024/138\n- Pages: 33\n- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400281617.001\n- ISBN: 9798400281617\n- ISSN: 1018-5941\n- Subjects: Agricultural sector, Economic sectors, Employment, Labor, Labor productivity, Production, Productivity\n- Keywords: Agricultural sector, Economywide Production, Employment, frontier employment, Global, growth decomposition, IMF staff estimate, India's employment challenge, industry level, Labor Productivity, Potential Output, Productivity, Structural Transformation, Technological Frontier., technology frontier\n\nSource: Advancing India’s Structural Transformation and Catch-up to the Technology Frontier, IMF Working Papers (2024/138), Cristian Alonso and Margaux MacDonald, July 9, 2024.\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/07/08/advancing-indias-structural-transformation-and-catch-up-to-the-technology-frontier-551435"
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    "Authors: Cristian Alonso, Margaux MacDonald",
    "Published: July 9, 2024",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400281617.001",
    "Economic activity has shifted from agriculture to services.",
    "Agriculture remains the predominant employer.",
    "Catch up to the technological frontier has been uneven across sectors.",
    "Some Indian firms are already operating at the technological frontier; these strong performers tend to be large firms.",
    "Limited progress in agriculture in terms of catch up to the technological frontier.",
    "Construction and trade show limited progress in technological catch up, despite having grown the most in terms of employment.",
    "Services have expanded in economic activity relative to agriculture.",
    "India needs to create between 143-324 million jobs by 2050.",
    "Creating these jobs and shifting workers toward more dynamic sectors could boost GDP growth by 0.2-0.5 percentage points.",
    "Structural reforms can help India create high-quality jobs and accelerate growth.",
    "Policies that support firm dynamism and allow more firms to reach the technological frontier—particularly beyond current large-firm frontier performers—would support productivity and employment outcomes.",
    "Authors: Cristian Alonso, Margaux MacDonald",
    "Publication date: July 9, 2024",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers, Working Paper No. 2024/138",
    "Pages: 33",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798400281617.001",
    "ISBN: 9798400281617",
    "ISSN: 1018-5941",
    "Subjects: Agricultural sector, Economic sectors, Employment, Labor, Labor productivity, Production, Productivity",
    "Keywords: Agricultural sector, Economywide Production, Employment, frontier employment, Global, growth decomposition, IMF staff estimate, India's employment challenge, industry level, Labor Productivity, Potential Output, Productivity, Structural Transformation, Technological Frontier., technology frontier",
    "**Working Paper**"
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