{
  "title": "Strategies for Africa's Climate Resilience: Trade and Practices",
  "publication": "IMF Working Papers, July 4, 2025",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2025/07/01/strategies-for-africa-s-climate-resilience-trade-and-practices-561768",
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  "summary": "Africa is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change despite its minimal contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions. The continent’s burden manifests in shifting weather patterns which threatens food security and economic stability, compounded by a growing population.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Summary / Context",
      "content": "- Africa is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change despite its minimal contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions.\n- Climate impacts manifest as shifting weather patterns that threaten food security and economic stability, compounded by a growing population.\n- The paper examines whether trade in “green goods” and engagement in “green practices” can reduce negative environmental outcomes in the region."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Methodology",
      "content": "- Empirical approach: local projections methods.\n- Geographic focus: Sub-Saharan Africa (for the Green Practices Index and benchmarking)."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Key empirical findings",
      "content": "- Increasing trade in “green goods”:\n  - Medium-term cumulative improvements in ecological footprint by about 4%.\n  - Decreases in net CO2 emissions embedded in trade by about 60-100% of total domestic production.\n  - Decreases in PM2.5 air pollution by about 1%.\n- Engaging in green practices:\n  - Decreases harmful environmental outcomes by about 0.3-1.5% in the medium-term."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Green Practices Index",
      "content": "- The authors construct a novel Green Practices Index for Sub-Saharan Africa.\n- Purpose: benchmark individual country performance and facilitate regional cooperation on green practices."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy implications and regional coordination",
      "content": "- Strengthening trade in green goods can yield measurable medium-term environmental benefits across multiple indicators (ecological footprint, trade-embedded CO2, PM2.5).\n- Benchmarking through the Green Practices Index is intended to support country-level assessment and regional cooperation on green practices.\n\nIMF Working Paper No. 2025/131 — Samantha Borkhoche, Eman Abdulla, Edward R Gemayel, Vidhi Maheshwari, Faten Saliba; July 4, 2025; 39 pages; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229001427.001\n\n---\n\n Content in this bundle\n\n- Working Paper\n  - Working Paper (Markdown version){rel=\"alternate\" type=\"text/markdown\"}\n  - Working Paper (PDF){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}\n\n---\n\nSource: https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2025/07/01/strategies-for-africa-s-climate-resilience-trade-and-practices-561768"
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    "Authors: Samantha Borkhoche, Eman Abdulla, Edward R Gemayel, Vidhi Maheshwari, Faten Saliba",
    "Published: July 4, 2025",
    "Series: IMF Working Papers",
    "DOI: https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229001427.001",
    "Africa is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change despite its minimal contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions.",
    "Climate impacts manifest as shifting weather patterns that threaten food security and economic stability, compounded by a growing population.",
    "The paper examines whether trade in “green goods” and engagement in “green practices” can reduce negative environmental outcomes in the region.",
    "Empirical approach: local projections methods.",
    "Geographic focus: Sub-Saharan Africa (for the Green Practices Index and benchmarking).",
    "Increasing trade in “green goods”:",
    "Engaging in green practices:",
    "The authors construct a novel Green Practices Index for Sub-Saharan Africa.",
    "Purpose: benchmark individual country performance and facilitate regional cooperation on green practices.",
    "Strengthening trade in green goods can yield measurable medium-term environmental benefits across multiple indicators (ecological footprint, trade-embedded CO2, PM2.5).",
    "Benchmarking through the Green Practices Index is intended to support country-level assessment and regional cooperation on green practices.",
    "**Working Paper**"
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