{ "title": "Nan Li - CV", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/research/researcher-cv/author/li-nan", "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/research/researcher-cv/author/li-nan", "overlayPath": "/en/research/researcher-cv/author/li-nan/index.md", "summary": "Nan Li is Deputy Division Chief at the Development Macroeconomics division in the IMF Research Department, with research expertise spanning international macroeconomics, trade, innovation, inflation, and growth. She brings fifteen years of IMF experience spanning research, surveillance, program review, and capacity development across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In the Research Department, she has led the DataHub Initiative—building partnerships with country authorities to harness administrative microdata for macroeconomic policy analysis—and led chapters of the IMF's flagship World Economic Outlook. She has also strengthened the IMF-UK program on Macroeconomic Research in Low-Income Countries. Prior to her current role, she worked in the African Department and the Institute for Capacity Development. Her research has been published in leading journals, including the Review of Economic Studies, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, Journal of Monetary Economics and Journal of International Economics. Before joining the Fund, she was an Assistant Professor of Economics at The Ohio State University and Research Associate at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. She holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Stanford University and a B.S. in Finance and Economics from Peking University, China.", "authors": [ "Nan Li" ], "sections": [ { "heading": "Biography", "content": "Nan Li is Deputy Division Chief at the Development Macroeconomics division in the IMF Research Department, with research expertise spanning international macroeconomics, trade, innovation, inflation, and growth. She brings fifteen years of IMF experience spanning research, surveillance, program review, and capacity development across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In the Research Department, she has led the DataHub Initiative—building partnerships with country authorities to harness administrative microdata for macroeconomic policy analysis—and led chapters of the IMF's flagship World Economic Outlook. She has also strengthened the IMF-UK program on Macroeconomic Research in Low-Income Countries. Prior to her current role, she worked in the African Department and the Institute for Capacity Development. Her research has been published in leading journals, including the Review of Economic Studies, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, Journal of Monetary Economics and Journal of International Economics. Before joining the Fund, she was an Assistant Professor of Economics at The Ohio State University and Research Associate at the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. She holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Stanford University and a B.S. in Finance and Economics from Peking University, China." }, { "heading": "Education", "content": "- Ph.D. Economics, Stanford University, USA, 2007\n\n- B.S. Economics and Finance, Peking University, China, 2001" }, { "heading": "Previous Experience", "content": "- 2020 – 2022, Senior Economist, Southern Africa division, African Department, IMF.\n\n- 2020 - 2021, Senior Economist; Argentina Ex-post Evaluation of Exceptional Access under the 2018 Stand-By Arrangement\n\n- 2016 – 2022, Associate Editor, IMF Economic Review.\n\n- 2014 – 2020, Senior Economist/Economist, Development Macro/Open-economy Macro Division, Research Department, IMF.\n\n- 2012 - 2013, Economist; Western Hemisphere Department; Guatemala AIV mission\n\n- 2011 – 2014, Economist, Institute for Capacity Development, IMF.\n\n- 2007 – 2012, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Ohio State University.\n\n- 2005, Intern, International Finance Department, Board of Governors of The Federal Reserve System" }, { "heading": "Editorial Activities", "content": "- Former Associate Editor, IMF Economic Review" }, { "heading": "Awards and Honors", "content": "- IMF Innovation and Creative Impact Fund-wise reward\n\n- IMF Research Departmental Reward for Outstanding Contribution to WEMD" }, { "heading": "Current Position", "content": "- Deputy Division Chief, Development Macroeconomics Division, Research Department, IMF" }, { "heading": "Country Work or Mission Assignment", "content": "- Argentina, Botswana, Guatemala, Namibia" }, { "heading": "Seminar Presentations", "content": "- American Economic Association Annual Meeting, Society of Economic Dynamics, Econometric Society Meetings, Midwest Macro Meeting, NBER Summer Institute, NBER Economic Growth Group, Bruegel, Columbia University, Chinese University of Hong Kong, European University Institute, George Washington University, Georgetown University, Harvard University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS, London School of Business, London School of Economics, Luiss University, University of Notre Dame, Ohio State University, Stanford University, Peking University, Tsinghua University, Tokyo University, University of California at Irvine, University of California at Santa Cruz, San Francisco State University, University of London-Royal Holloway, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Federal Reserve Board, Fed-St Louis, Fed-Dallas, Fed-Minneapolis, Bank of Canada, Central Bank of Chile, Bank of England, Bank of France, Bank of Italy, ECB, IMF research department, OECD, Bank of England, Bank of France" }, { "heading": "Teaching", "content": "- Lecturer, IMF External/Internal Training Courses: Macroeconomic Forecasting, Macroeconomic Diagnostics, Financial Programming and Policy (including On-line learning), Financial Inclusion, Early Warning Exercise, External Sector Assessment\n\n- Instructor: International Finance (undergraduate), International Trade and Open Macroeconomics (Ph.D), Department of Economics, Ohio State University" }, { "heading": "Work in Progress", "content": "- \"Monetary Policy Transmission to Household Credit: Evidence from Uganda's Credit Registry Data” with Marina Martinez, Elizabeth Kasekende, Adam Mugume, Samuel Musoke, Cedric Okou and Andrea Presbitero,\n\n- \"Policy Restrictions: Another Brick in the Wall for Greenfield FDI in Services\" with Alessandro Barattieri and Qiuyan Yin\n\n- \"The Allocation of Talent and Income Across Countries\" with Robert Zymek and Liang Zhang\n\n- “Global Commodity Booms and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Chile's Administrative Data\" with Pablo Filippi, Ryan Kim, Maria Jesus Peres, and Younghun Shim." }, { "heading": "Field of Expertise", "content": "- Open Economy Macroeconomics\n\n- International Trade\n\n- International Finance\n\n- Development Economics\n\n- Poverty and Inequality\n\n- Economic Modeling" }, { "heading": "IMF Occasional Papers, Pamphlets, and Special Issues Papers", "content": "- \"Slowdown in Global Medium-Term Growth: What Will It Take to Turn the Tide?\" World Economic Outlook, April 2024\n\n- “Inequality and Mobility During the COVID-19 Crisis: The South African Experience” with Chris Papageorgiou and Antonio Spilimbergo, South Africa 2022 AIV Annex. Presentation at the Surveillance Meeting.\n\n- “Dominant Currencies and External Adjustment” with Gustavo Alders and others, Staff Discussion Note No. 20/05, 2020.\n\n- Manufacturing Jobs: Implications for Productivity and Inequality, World Economic Outlook April 2018.\n\n- 2018 External Sector Report: Tackling Global Imbalances amid Rising Trade Tensions" }, { "heading": "IMF Books and Working Papers", "content": "- Commodity Booms, Productivity, and Misallocation: Evidence from Chile’s Administrative Data, Working Paper No. 2026/163 , July 31, 2026\n\n- Monetary Policy Transmission to Household Credit: Evidence from Uganda’s Credit Registry Data, Working Paper No. 2025/242 , November 14, 2025\n\n- Bilateral Trade in Services: Insights from A New Research Dataset, Working Paper No. 2025/163 , August 15, 2025\n\n- Global Contagion of Financial Reforms, Working Paper No. 2024/243 , November 22, 2024\n\n- Bilateral Trade in Services and Exchange Rates: Evidence of Dominant Currency Pricing, Working Paper No. 2024/242 , November 22, 2024\n\n- Knowledge Diffusion Through FDI: Worldwide Firm-Level Evidence, Working Paper No. 2024/152 , July 12, 2024\n\n- Dominant Currencies and External Adjustment, Staff Discussion Notes No. 2020/005 , July 20, 2020\n\n- The External Balance Assessment Methodology: 2018 Update, Working Paper No. 2019/065 , March 19, 2019\n\n- Effective Trade Costs and the Current Account: An Empirical Analysis, Working Paper No. 2019/008 , January 15, 2019\n\n- Real Sectoral Spillovers: A Dynamic Factor Analysis of the Great Recession, Working Paper No. 2018/100 , May 9, 2018\n\n- China’s Rising IQ (Innovation Quotient) and Growth: Firm-level Evidence, Working Paper No. 2016/249 , December 22, 2016\n\n- Emerging Market Business Cycles: The Role of Labor Market Frictions, Working Paper No. 2012/237 , October 2, 2012" }, { "heading": "IMF Country Reports", "content": "- “Argentina Ex-post Evaluation of Exceptional Access under the 2018 SBA” with Odd Per Brekk and others, Board Paper, December 2021, featured in The Economist, Financial Times, Bloomberg." }, { "heading": "F&D articles", "content": "- \"Eliminating the Productivity Drag\" with Diaa Noureldin, 2024" }, { "heading": "Selected Issues", "content": "- Guatemala—Fiscal Sustainability Assessment, June 2013" }, { "heading": "Other Published Materials", "content": "- “Severe Epidemics in Modern History: Growth, Debt and Civil Unrest” with Mattia Coppo, RES COVID-19 Special Note, 2020." }, { "heading": "Publications in Journals (Refereed)", "content": "- \"Bilateral Trade in Services: Insights from A New Research Dataset\" With Sergii Meleshchuk, Qiuyan Yin, Dennis Zhao and Robert Zymek, 2026, IMF Economic Review.\n\n- \"Knowledge Diffusion Through FDI: Worldwide Firm-level Evidence\" with Jaebin Ahn, Chan Kim and Andrea Manera, 2025, accepted, Journal of International Economics.\n\n- Policy Contagion: What Do We Learn from Financial Reforms?” with Chris Papageorgiou, Tong Xu and Tao Zha, 2025, International Economic Review\n\n- “Knowledge Diffusion, Trade and Innovation across Countries and Sectors” with Jie Cai and Ana Maria Santacreu. 2022, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics.\n\n- “China’s Rising IQ (Innovation Quotient) and Growth: Firm-level Evidence” with Jing Fang and Hui He, 2020, Journal of Development Economics.\n\n- \"Growth Through Intersectoral Knowledge Linkages\" with Jie Cai, 2019, Review of Economic Studies.\n\n- \"Real Sectoral Spillovers: A Dynamic Factor Analysis of the Great Recession\" with Vance Martin. 2018, Journal of Monetary Economics.\n\n- \"International Transmission With Heterogeneous Sectors\" with Keyu Jin, 2018, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics.\n\n- \"Value-Added Trade and Business Cycle Synchronization\" with Romain Duval, Richa Saraf and Dulani Seneviratne, 2015, Journal of International Economics.\n\n- “Frequency Bias in Consumers’ Perceptions of Inflation”, with Sotiris Georganas and Paul Healy, 2014, European Economic Review.\n\n- “Emerging Market Business Cycles: The Role of Labor Market Frictions”, with Emine Boz and Bora Durdu, 2014, Journal of Money, Banking and Credit\n\n- “Transaction Costs, Incomplete Markets, and Exchange Rate Fluctuations”, 2012, Macroeconomic Dynamics\n\n- “Cyclical Wage Movements in Emerging Markets Compared to Developed Economies: The Role of Interest Rates”, 2011, Review of Economic Dynamics" }, { "heading": "Publications in Books and Conference Volumes", "content": "- \"Geoeconomic Fragmentation in Services? Evidence from a New Database\" with Robert Zymek, eBook Chapter, \"The State of Globalisation\" edited by Richard Baldwin and Michele Ruta, 2025" }, { "heading": "Other Published Materials", "content": "- “Effective Trade Costs and the Current Account,” with Emine Boz and Hongrui Zhang, VoxEU, 2019." } ], "bullets": [ "Ph.D. Economics, Stanford University, USA, 2007", "B.S. Economics and Finance, Peking University, China, 2001", "2020 – 2022, Senior Economist, Southern Africa division, African Department, IMF.", "2020 - 2021, Senior Economist; Argentina Ex-post Evaluation of Exceptional Access under the 2018 Stand-By Arrangement", "2016 – 2022, Associate Editor, IMF Economic Review.", "2014 – 2020, Senior Economist/Economist, Development Macro/Open-economy Macro Division, Research Department, IMF.", "2012 - 2013, Economist; Western Hemisphere Department; Guatemala AIV mission", "2011 – 2014, Economist, Institute for Capacity Development, IMF.", "2007 – 2012, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Ohio State University.", "2005, Intern, International Finance Department, Board of Governors of The Federal Reserve System", "Former Associate Editor, IMF Economic Review", "IMF Innovation and Creative Impact Fund-wise reward", "IMF Research Departmental Reward for Outstanding Contribution to WEMD", "Deputy Division Chief, Development Macroeconomics Division, Research Department, IMF", "Argentina, Botswana, Guatemala, Namibia", "American Economic Association Annual Meeting, Society of Economic Dynamics, Econometric Society Meetings, Midwest Macro Meeting, NBER Summer Institute, NBER Economic Growth Group, Bruegel, Columbia University, Chinese University of Hong Kong, European University Institute, George Washington University, Georgetown University, Harvard University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS, London School of Business, London School of Economics, Luiss University, University of Notre Dame, Ohio State University, Stanford University, Peking University, Tsinghua University, Tokyo University, University of California at Irvine, University of California at Santa Cruz, San Francisco State University, University of London-Royal Holloway, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Federal Reserve Board, Fed-St Louis, Fed-Dallas, Fed-Minneapolis, Bank of Canada, Central Bank of Chile, Bank of England, Bank of France, Bank of Italy, ECB, IMF research department, OECD, Bank of England, Bank of France", "Lecturer, IMF External/Internal Training Courses: Macroeconomic Forecasting, Macroeconomic Diagnostics, Financial Programming and Policy (including On-line learning), Financial Inclusion, Early Warning Exercise, External Sector Assessment", "Instructor: International Finance (undergraduate), International Trade and Open Macroeconomics (Ph.D), Department of Economics, Ohio State University", "\"Monetary Policy Transmission to Household Credit: Evidence from Uganda's Credit Registry Data” with Marina Martinez, Elizabeth Kasekende, Adam Mugume, Samuel Musoke, Cedric Okou and Andrea Presbitero,", "\"Policy Restrictions: Another Brick in the Wall for Greenfield FDI in Services\" with Alessandro Barattieri and Qiuyan Yin", "\"The Allocation of Talent and Income Across Countries\" with Robert Zymek and Liang Zhang", "“Global Commodity Booms and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Chile's Administrative Data\" with Pablo Filippi, Ryan Kim, Maria Jesus Peres, and Younghun Shim.", "Open Economy Macroeconomics", "International Trade", "International Finance", "Development Economics", "Poverty and Inequality", "Economic Modeling", "[\"Slowdown in Global Medium-Term Growth: What Will It Take to Turn the Tide?\" World Economic Outlook, April 2024](https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2024/April/English/ch3.ashx)", "“Inequality and Mobility During the COVID-19 Crisis: The South African Experience” with Chris Papageorgiou and Antonio Spilimbergo, South Africa 2022 AIV Annex. Presentation at the Surveillance Meeting.", "[“Dominant Currencies and External Adjustment” with Gustavo Alders and others, Staff Discussion Note No. 20/05, 2020.](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2020/07/16/Dominant-Currencies-and-External-Adjustment-48618)", "[Manufacturing Jobs: Implications for Productivity and Inequality, World Economic Outlook April 2018.](https://www.elibrary.imf.org/abstract/book/9781484338278/ch003.xml)", "[2018 External Sector Report: Tackling Global Imbalances amid Rising Trade Tensions](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/ESR/Issues/2018/07/19/2018-external-sector-report)", "[Commodity Booms, Productivity, and Misallocation: Evidence from Chile’s Administrative Data](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2026/07/31/commodity-booms-productivity-and-misallocation-evidence-from-chiles-administrative-data-578232), Working Paper No. 2026/163 , July 31, 2026", "[Monetary Policy Transmission to Household Credit: Evidence from Uganda’s Credit Registry Data](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2025/11/15/monetary-policy-transmission-to-household-credit-evidence-from-ugandas-credit-registry-data-571777), Working Paper No. 2025/242 , November 14, 2025", "[Bilateral Trade in Services: Insights from A New Research Dataset](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2025/08/15/bilateral-trade-in-services-insights-from-a-new-database-569775), Working Paper No. 2025/163 , August 15, 2025", "[Global Contagion of Financial Reforms](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/11/22/global-contagion-of-financial-reforms-558790), Working Paper No. 2024/243 , November 22, 2024", "[Bilateral Trade in Services and Exchange Rates: Evidence of Dominant Currency Pricing](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/11/22/bilateral-trade-in-services-and-exchange-rates-evidence-of-dominant-currency-pricing-558785), Working Paper No. 2024/242 , November 22, 2024", "[Knowledge Diffusion Through FDI: Worldwide Firm-Level Evidence](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2024/07/12/knowledge-diffusion-through-fdi-worldwide-firm-level-evidence-551408), Working Paper No. 2024/152 , July 12, 2024", "[Dominant Currencies and External Adjustment](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/staff-discussion-notes/issues/2020/07/16/dominant-currencies-and-external-adjustment-48618), Staff Discussion Notes No. 2020/005 , July 20, 2020", "[The External Balance Assessment Methodology: 2018 Update](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2019/03/19/the-external-balance-assessment-methodology-2018-update-46643), Working Paper No. 2019/065 , March 19, 2019", "[Effective Trade Costs and the Current Account: An Empirical Analysis](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2019/01/16/effective-trade-costs-and-the-current-account-an-empirical-analysis-46495), Working Paper No. 2019/008 , January 15, 2019", "[Real Sectoral Spillovers: A Dynamic Factor Analysis of the Great Recession](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2018/05/09/real-sectoral-spillovers-a-dynamic-factor-analysis-of-the-great-recession-45866), Working Paper No. 2018/100 , May 9, 2018", "[China’s Rising IQ (Innovation Quotient) and Growth: Firm-level Evidence](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/chinas-rising-iq-innovation-quotient-and-growth-firm-level-evidence-44494), Working Paper No. 2016/249 , December 22, 2016", "[Emerging Market Business Cycles: The Role of Labor Market Frictions](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/emerging-market-business-cycles-the-role-of-labor-market-frictions-40030), Working Paper No. 2012/237 , October 2, 2012", "[“Argentina Ex-post Evaluation of Exceptional Access under the 2018 SBA” with Odd Per Brekk and others, Board Paper, December 2021, featured in The Economist, Financial Times, Bloomberg.](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/CR/Issues/2021/12/22/Argentina-Ex-Post-Evaluation-of-Exceptional-Access-Under-the-2018-Stand-By-Arrangement-511289)", "[\"Eliminating the Productivity Drag\" with Diaa Noureldin, 2024](https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/Fandd/Article/2024/09/Li-productivity.ashx)", "Guatemala—Fiscal Sustainability Assessment, June 2013", "“Severe Epidemics in Modern History: Growth, Debt and Civil Unrest” with Mattia Coppo, RES COVID-19 Special Note, 2020.", "[\"Bilateral Trade in Services: Insights from A New Research Dataset\" With Sergii Meleshchuk, Qiuyan Yin, Dennis Zhao and Robert Zymek, 2026, IMF Economic Review.](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rxQY9BIeCDdb07sedc6jv-CLKIzWV5GP/view?usp=sharing)", "[\"Knowledge Diffusion Through FDI: Worldwide Firm-level Evidence\" with Jaebin Ahn, Chan Kim and Andrea Manera, 2025, accepted, Journal of International Economics.](https://drive.google.com/file/d/13XEGq1bpg5J6lrGac4ekKNR16Ai3aTnD/view?usp=sharing)", "[Policy Contagion: What Do We Learn from Financial Reforms?” with Chris Papageorgiou, Tong Xu and Tao Zha, 2025, International Economic Review](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Qv5rqVSaAqSA5ssDqwCfVNazW69cUJCz/view?usp=sharing)", "[“Knowledge Diffusion, Trade and Innovation across Countries and Sectors” with Jie Cai and Ana Maria Santacreu. 2022, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics.](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VUWVNLlilpsb5oCUWEZIHPLODLwLpW02/view?usp=drive_link)", "[“China’s Rising IQ (Innovation Quotient) and Growth: Firm-level Evidence” with Jing Fang and Hui He, 2020, Journal of Development Economics.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438782030136X)", "[\"Growth Through Intersectoral Knowledge Linkages\" with Jie Cai, 2019, Review of Economic Studies.](http://www.restud.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/MS17444manuscript.pdf)", "[\"Real Sectoral Spillovers: A Dynamic Factor Analysis of the Great Recession\" with Vance Martin. 2018, Journal of Monetary Economics.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304393218305798)", "[\"International Transmission With Heterogeneous Sectors\" with Keyu Jin, 2018, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics.](https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/mac.20150379)", "[\"Value-Added Trade and Business Cycle Synchronization\" with Romain Duval, Richa Saraf and Dulani Seneviratne, 2015, Journal of International Economics.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022199615001555)", "[“Frequency Bias in Consumers’ Perceptions of Inflation”, with Sotiris Georganas and Paul Healy, 2014, European Economic Review.](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292114000221)", "[“Emerging Market Business Cycles: The Role of Labor Market Frictions”, with Emine Boz and Bora Durdu, 2014, Journal of Money, Banking and Credit](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jmcb.12168)", "[“Transaction Costs, Incomplete Markets, and Exchange Rate Fluctuations”, 2012, Macroeconomic Dynamics](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/macroeconomic-dynamics/article/transaction-costs-nonfundamental-uncertainty-and-the-exchange-rate-disconnect/E97535E0BAFE0AD8B8C10F7E73D0F59C)", "[“Cyclical Wage Movements in Emerging Markets Compared to Developed Economies: The Role of Interest Rates”, 2011, Review of Economic Dynamics](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1094202511000056)", "[\"Geoeconomic Fragmentation in Services? Evidence from a New Database\" with Robert Zymek, eBook Chapter, \"The State of Globalisation\" edited by Richard Baldwin and Michele Ruta, 2025](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tOZnBNvd54AdSWjS5Nxt-d-F_kz8cnv9/view?usp=sharing)", "“Effective Trade Costs and the Current Account,” with Emine Boz and Hongrui Zhang, VoxEU, 2019.", "**ELIMINATING THE PRODUCTIVITY DRAG**", "**CHAPTER 3 SLOWDOWN IN gLObaL MEDIUM-TERM gROWTH: WHaT WILL IT TaKE TO TURN THE TIDE?**" ], "related": [ { "title": "ELIMINATING THE PRODUCTIVITY DRAG", "role": "document", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fandd/article/2024/09/li-productivity.pdf", "summary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/fandd/article/2024/09/li-productivity.pdf.md", "mime": "text/markdown" }, "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/fandd/article/2024/09/li-productivity.pdf", "mime": "application/pdf" } }, { "title": "CHAPTER 3 SLOWDOWN IN gLObaL MEDIUM-TERM gROWTH: WHaT WILL IT TaKE TO TURN THE TIDE?", "role": "chapter", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/weo/2024/april/english/ch3.pdf", "summary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/2024/april/english/ch3.pdf.md", "mime": "text/markdown" }, "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/weo/2024/april/english/ch3.pdf", "mime": "application/pdf" } } ], "alternates": { "markdown": "/en/research/researcher-cv/author/li-nan/index.md", "json": "/en/research/researcher-cv/author/li-nan/index.json", "bundleManifest": "/en/research/researcher-cv/author/li-nan/bundle-manifest.json" }, "generatedAtUtc": "2026-10-01T01:26:32.356Z" }