## Charalambos G. Tsangarides - CV

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## Bibliographic details
- Authors: Charalambos G. Tsangarides

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### Biography

Charalambos Tsangarides is Chief of the North Africa Division in the IMF’s Middle East and Central Asia Department and Mission Chief for Algeria. His previous Mission Chief assignments included Tanzania, Madagascar, Eritrea, and Comoros, and he has also served as Deputy Mission Chief for Nigeria. In the IMF’s African Department, he also led and contributed to analytical chapters for the Regional Economic Outlook for sub-Saharan Africa. Prior to that, he was a senior economist in the IMF’s Research Department and served as Risk Group Deputy, working on early warning and vulnerability assessments and contributing to analytical and policy work on international macroeconomic issues. His main research interests are economic growth, international macroeconomics, and applied econometrics. His work has covered the international monetary system, inequality and growth, trade, and Bayesian methods applied to model uncertainty, and has appeared in IMF publications and leading peer-reviewed economics journals.

### Profile

### Education

- Ph.D., Economics, George Washington University, 2003

- M.A., Economics, Johns Hopkins University, 1999

- M.S., Statistics, American University, 1995

- B.A., Double major, Economics & Statistics, American University, summa cum laude, 1994

- Fulbright Scholar, 1990-94

### Previous Experience

- Division Chief, North Africa Division, and Mission Chief for Algeria, Middle East and Central Asia Department, IMF, 2025–

- Advisor, Mission Chief for Tanzania, African Department, IMF, 2021–2025

- Advisor, Mission Chief for Tanzania and Eritrea, African Department, IMF, 2021

- Deputy Division Chief, Mission Chief for Madagascar, African Department, IMF, 2019–2021

- Deputy Division Chief, Mission Chief for Comoros & Deputy Mission Chief for Nigeria, African Department, IMF, 2017–2019

- Senior Economist, African Department, IMF, 2016–2017

- Senior Economist, Research Department, IMF, 2010-2016

- Economist, IMF, 2003-2010 (African Department, 2003-2007; Policy Development and Review Department, 2007-2008; Research Department, 2008-2010)

- Instructor, Macro and Microeconomics, George Washington University, 2002, 2003; Johns Hopkins University, Econometrics, School of Advanced International Studies SAIS, Spring 2007

- Summer Intern, African Department, IMF, 2001

- Summer Intern, Africa Region, World Bank, 1998

- Economist, Africa Region, World Bank, 1995-1997

### Books

- [Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance: a Collection of Empirical Studies, co-edited with C. Cottarelli, A.R. Ghosh, and G.M. Milesi-Ferretti, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2008.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=20346.0)

- [The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, co-edited with A. Gulde, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2008.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=21115.0)

### IMF Publications

### IMF Books and Working Papers

- [North Africa: Connecting Continents, Creating Opportunities](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/departmental-papers/issues/2026/02/04/north-africa-connecting-continents-creating-opportunities-573392), Departmental Paper No 2026/002 , February 4, 2026

- [The Impact of Fiscal Consolidations on Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/12/15/the-impact-of-fiscal-consolidations-on-growth-in-sub-saharan-africa-45483), Working Paper No. 2017/281 , December 14, 2017

- [Growth Breaks and Growth Spells in Sub-Saharan Africa](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2017/09/08/growth-breaks-and-growth-spells-in-sub-saharan-africa-45067), Working Paper No. 2017/202 , September 8, 2017

- [Friedman Redux: External Adjustment and Exchange Rate Flexibility](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/friedman-redux-external-adjustment-and-exchange-rate-flexibility-41836), Working Paper No. 2014/146 , August 8, 2014

- [Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/staff-discussion-notes/issues/2016/12/31/redistribution-inequality-and-growth-41291), Staff Discussion Notes No. 2014/002 , February 17, 2014

- [Determinants of Growth Spells: Is Africa Different?](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/determinants-of-growth-spells-is-africa-different-26261), Working Paper No. 2012/227 , September 1, 2012

- [Shifting Motives: Explaining the Buildup in official Reserves in Emerging Markets Since the 1980's](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/shifting-motives-explaining-the-buildup-in-official-reserves-in-emerging-markets-since-the-25683), Working Paper No. 2012/034 , January 1, 2012

- [Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with An Application to a Trade Gravity Model](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/limited-information-bayesian-model-averaging-for-dynamic-panels-with-an-application-to-a-25270), Working Paper No. 2011/230 , October 1, 2011

- [Words vs. Deeds: What Really Matters?](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/words-vs-24847), Working Paper No. 2011/112 , May 1, 2011

- [Crisis and Recovery: Role of the Exchange Rate Regime in Emerging Market Countries](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/crisis-and-recovery-role-of-the-exchange-rate-regime-in-emerging-market-countries-24308), Working Paper No. 2010/242 , October 1, 2010

- [The Empirics of Exchange Rate Regimes and Trade: Words vs. Deeds](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/the-empirics-of-exchange-rate-regimes-and-trade-words-vs-23613), Working Paper No. 2010/048 , February 1, 2010

- [Monetary Policy Transmission in Mauritius Using a VAR Analysis](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/monetary-policy-transmission-in-mauritius-using-a-var-analysis-23594), Working Paper No. 2010/036 , February 1, 2010

- [Growth Determinants Revisited](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/growth-determinants-revisited-23426), Working Paper No. 2009/268 , December 1, 2009

- [Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with Short Time Periods](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/limited-information-bayesian-model-averaging-for-dynamic-panels-with-short-time-periods-22813), Working Paper No. 2009/074 , April 1, 2009

- [Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance: A Collection of Empirical Studies](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/books/issues/2016/12/31/exchange-rate-analysis-in-support-of-imf-surveillance-a-collection-of-empirical-studies-20346), , September 8, 2008

- [The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/books/issues/2016/12/31/the-cfa-franc-zone-common-currency-uncommon-challenges-21115), , April 2, 2008

- [Competitiveness in the CFA Franc Zone](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/competitiveness-in-the-cfa-franc-zone-21276), Working Paper No. 2007/212 , August 1, 2007

- [Estimation of Equilibrium Exchange Rates in the WAEMU: A Robustness Analysis](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/estimation-of-equilibrium-exchange-rates-in-the-waemu-a-robustness-analysis-21194), Working Paper No. 2007/194 , August 1, 2007

- [Trade Reform in the CEMAC: Developments and Opportunities](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/trade-reform-in-the-cemac-developments-and-opportunities-21011), Working Paper No. 2007/137 , June 1, 2007

- [FEER for the CFA Franc](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/feer-for-the-cfa-franc-19910), Working Paper No. 2006/236 , October 1, 2006

- [What is Fuzzy About Clustering in West Africa?](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/what-is-fuzzy-about-clustering-in-west-africa-18896), Working Paper No. 2006/090 , March 1, 2006

- [Stylized Facts on Bilateral Trade and Currency Unions: Implications for Africa](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/stylized-facts-on-bilateral-trade-and-currency-unions-implications-for-africa-18737), Working Paper No. 2006/031 , January 1, 2006

- [Ten Years After the CFA Franc Devaluation: Progress Toward Regional Integration in the WAEMU](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/ten-years-after-the-cfa-franc-devaluation-progress-toward-regional-integration-in-the-waemu-18382), Working Paper No. 2005/145 , July 1, 2005

- [Growth Empirics Under Model Uncertainty: Is Africa Different?](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/31/growth-empirics-under-model-uncertainty-is-africa-different-17939), Working Paper No. 2005/018 , January 1, 2005

- [A Bayesian Approach to Model Uncertainty](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/a-bayesian-approach-to-model-uncertainty-17300), Working Paper No. 2004/068 , April 1, 2004

- [Is Growth Enough? Macroeconomic Policy and Poverty Reduction](https://www.imf.org/en/publications/wp/issues/2016/12/30/is-growth-enough-macroeconomic-policy-and-poverty-reduction-15852), Working Paper No. 2002/118 , July 1, 2002

### F&D articles

- [The Cost of Tying One’s Hands with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Finance and Development, June 2014, vol. 51, No. 2.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2014/06/ghosh.htm)

### Other Published Materials

- [The Impact of Fiscal Consolidation on Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa with F. Arizala, J. Gonzalez-Garcia, and M. Newiak, Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook (October 2017).](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2017/12/15/The-Impact-of-Fiscal-Consolidations-on-Growth-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa-45483)

- [Restarting Sub-Saharan Africa’s Growth Engine with F. Arizala, J. Gonzalez-Garcia, and T. Willems, Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook (April 2017).](http://www.imf.org/en/Publications/REO/SSA/Issues/2017/05/03/sreo0517)

- [Exchange Rate Regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Experiences and Lessons, with D. Hakura, M. Hussain, and T. Willems, Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook (October 2016).](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/REO/SSA/Issues/2017/02/01/Multispeed-Growth)

- [Redistribution, Inequality and Growth, Inequality, and Redistribution, with A. Berg and J.D. Ostry, Staff Discussion Note SDN/14/02, Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, February 2014.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=41291.0)

- [Exchange Rate Regimes and the Stability of the International Monetary System, with A.R. Ghosh and J.D. Ostry, Occasional Paper 270, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2010.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=23407.0)

- [Searching for Robust Growth Determinants, with A. Mirestean, IMF Research Bulletin, vol. 11, No. 1 (March 2010).](https://www.imf.org/External/Pubs/FT/irb/2010/01/index.pdf)

### Non-IMF Publications

### Publications in Journals (Referred)

- [Robust Correlates of Growth Spells: Do Inequality and Redistribution Matter? with A. Kourtellos, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, vol. 84 (December 2022), pp. 1302-1328.](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/obes.12514)

- The Impact of Fiscal Consolidations on Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa with F. Arizala, J. Gonzalez-Garcia, and M. Yenice, Empirical Economics, vol. 58 (June 2020), pp. 408-438.

- [Friedman Redux: External Adjustment and Exchange Rate Flexibility with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Economic Journal, vol. 129 (January 2019), pp. 408-438.](https://academic.oup.com/ej/article/129/617/408/5237920?login=true)

- [Growth, Inequality, and Redistribution: New Evidence with A. Berg, J.D. Ostry, and Y. Yakhshilikov, Journal of Economic Growth, vol. 23 (June 2018), pp. 259-305.](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10887-017-9150-2)

- [Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with an Application to a Trade Gravity Model with H. Chen and A. Mirestean, Econometric Reviews, vol. 37, No. 7 (July 2018), pp. 777–805.](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07474938.2016.1167857)

- [Shifting Motives: Explaining the Buildup in Official Reserves in Emerging Markets since the 1980s with A.R. Ghosh and J.D. Ostry, IMF Economic Review, vol. 65, No. 2 (June 2017), pp. 308–364.](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057%2Fs41308-016-0003-3)

- [Robust Correlates of Growth Spells: Do Inequality and Redistribution Matter? with A. Kourtellos, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, vol. 84 (December 2022), pp. 1302-1328.](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/obes.12514)

- [Growth Determinants Revisited Using Limited-Information Bayesian Model Averaging with A. Mirestean, Journal of Applied Econometrics, vol. 31, No. 1 (January 2016) pp. 106–132.](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jae.2472/epdf)

- [Accounting for Emerging Market Countries’ International Reserves: Are Pacific Rim Countries Different? with A. Ghosh and J.D. Ostry, Journal of International Money and Finance, vol. 49 (December 2014), pp. 52–82.](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261560614000837)

- [On the Value of Words: Inflation and Fixed Exchange Rate Regimes with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, IMF Economic Review, vol. 62, No. 2 (June 2014), pp. 288–322.](http://www.palgrave-journals.com/imfer/journal/v62/n2/full/imfer201414a.html)

- [Is the Exchange Rate Regime Really Irrelevant for External Adjustment? with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Economics Letters, vol. 118, No. 1 (January 2013), pp. 104–109.](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165176512005174)

- [Crisis and Recovery: Role of the Exchange Rate Regime in Emerging Market Economies, Journal of Macroeconomics, vol. 34, No. 2 (June 2012), pp. 470–488.](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164070412000080)

- [Hard or Soft Pegs? Choice of Exchange Rate Regime and Trade in Africa with M. Qureshi, World Development, vol. 40, No. 4 (April 2012), pp. 667–680.](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X11002324)

- [The Trade-Growth Nexus in Developing Countries: a Quantile Regression Approach with G. Dufrénot and V. Mignon, Review of World Economics, vol. 146, No. 4 (December 2010), pp. 731–761.](http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10290-010-0067-5)

- [FEER for the CFA Franc with Y. Abdih, Applied Economics, vol. 42, No. 16 (June 2010), pp. 2009–2029.](http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00036840701765411)

- [Are Africa’s Currency Unions Good for Trade? with P. Ewenczyk, M. Hulej, and M. Qureshi, IMF Staff Papers, vol. 56, No. 4 (November 2009), pp. 876–918.](http://www.palgrave-journals.com/imfsp/journal/v56/n4/full/imfsp200827a.html)

- [Monetary Union Membership in West Africa: A Cluster Analysis with M. Qureshi, World Development, vol. 36, No. 7 (July 2008), pp. 1261–1279.](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X08000545)

- [On Cross-country Growth and Convergence: Evidence from African and OECD Countries, Journal of African Economies, vol. 10, No. 4 (December 2001), pp. 355–389.](http://jae.oxfordjournals.org/content/10/4/355.short)

### Publications in Books and Conference Volumes

- [Exchange Rate Regimes and Trade: Is Africa Different? with M. Qureshi, in A. Fosu (ed.), Growth and Institutions in African Development, Routledge Studies in Development Economics, April 2015.](http://www.sponpress.com/books/details/9781138816770/)

- [Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy for Stability, Growth, and Jobs with A. Behar and P. Sharma, in Toward New Horizons Arab Economic Transformation Amid Political Transitions, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, March 2014.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/dp/2014/1401mcd.pdf)

- [Modeling Real Exchange Rates in the CFA Zone with Y. Abdih, in C. Cottarelli, A.R. Ghosh, G.M. Milesi-Ferretti, and C. Tsangarides (eds.), Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance: A Collection of Empirical Studies, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, September 2008.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=20346.0)

- [Economic Fundamentals and the CFA Franc Zone Real Exchange Rates with Y. Abdih, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=21115.0)

- [Competitiveness in the CFA Franc Zone with G. Ramirez, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=21115.0)

- [What Is Fuzzy About Clustering in West Africa? with M. Qureshi, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=21115.0)

- [Growth and Convergence in the CFA Franc Zone with C. Pattillo and P. van den Boogaerde, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=21115.0)

- [Trade Reform in the CEMAC with J. Martijn, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.cfm?sk=21115.0)

- [Household Participation in Formal and Informal Institutions in Rural Credit Markets in Developing Countries with T. Besley and S. Jain. Background Paper for World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions for Markets, 2001.](http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWDRS/Resources/477365-1257315064764/2490_Jain.pdf)

### Other Published Materials

- [Robust Correlates of Growth Spells: Do Inequality and Redistribution Matter? with A. Kourtellos, Working Paper Series 15-20, The Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis (May 2015).](http://www.rcfea.org/RePEc/pdf/wp15-20.pdf)

- [The Cost of Tying One’s Hands with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Finance and Development, June 2014, vol. 51, No. 2.](http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2014/06/ghosh.htm)

- [Redistribution, Inequality, and Sustainable Growth: Reconsidering the Evidence, VoxEU.org, March 2014.](http://www.voxeu.org/article/redistribution-inequality-and-sustainable-growth)

- [Shifting Motives: Explaining the Build-Up in Official Reserves in Emerging Markets Since the 1980s, VoxEU.org, February 2012.](http://www.voxeu.org/article/shifting-motives-explaining-build-official-reserves-emerging-markets-1980s)

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