{ "title": "Climate Policy Assessment Tool (CPAT)", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/topics/climate-change/cpat", "canonical": "https://www.imf.org/en/topics/climate-change/cpat", "overlayPath": "/en/topics/climate-change/cpat/index.md", "summary": "Government representatives can request the tool by reaching out through their country’s respective Executive Director (ED) office, which can be found here.", "sections": [ { "heading": "Access and Core Team", "content": "- Government representatives can request the tool by reaching out through their country’s respective Executive Director (ED) office.\n- CPAT has been developed by IMF and WB staff with contributions from a large range of individuals.\n- Core staff: Simon Black, Ian Parry, Nate Vernon, Karlygash Zhunussova, Lukas Adamski, Daniel Bastidas, Cristian Chagalj, Jing Han, Alberto Garcia Huitron, Mariza Montes de Oca Leon, Danielle Minnett, Alpa Shah, Sunalika Singh.\n- World Bank Group team contributed to the World Bank side of CPAT, providing additional technical guidance and examples of use." }, { "heading": "Purpose, Scope, and Outputs", "content": "- The IMF-World Bank Climate Policy Assessment Tool (CPAT) is a spreadsheet-based model which helps policymakers to assess, design, and implement climate mitigation policies.\n- CPAT allows for the rapid estimation of effects of climate mitigation policies for over 180 countries.\n- Outputs and impacts estimated include:\n - energy demand and prices\n - emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs)\n - fiscal revenues\n - GDP and welfare\n - distributional impacts on households and industries\n - development co-benefits such as welfare benefits from reductions in local air pollution and road accidents\n- CPAT provides consistent cross-country estimates of projections of emissions, fuel use by major energy sector, mitigation effort, and efficient fuel prices." }, { "heading": "Policies Covered", "content": "- Carbon pricing: carbon taxes and ETSs\n- Fossil fuel subsidy reform\n- Energy price liberalization\n- Electricity and fuel taxes\n- Methane fees\n- VAT harmonization\n- Energy efficiency and emission rate regulations\n- Feebates\n- Renewable subsidies and feed-in tariffs\n- Green public investments\n- Combinations of the above policies\n- Policies are evaluated against a range of metrics to assess tradeoffs and tailor reforms to country contexts." }, { "heading": "Methodology, Design, and Features", "content": "- The tool is transparent and user-friendly, requiring little prior knowledge and no external data to run.\n- CPAT is parameterized to be broadly consistent with a wide range of ex ante models as well as the ex post empirical literature.\n- CPAT evolved from an earlier IMF tool and has been significantly upgraded to include more policies, sectors, fuels, and impacts.\n- For details on methodology, key inputs, assumptions, outputs, and caveats, a methodological Working Paper is available." }, { "heading": "Uses and Applications", "content": "- IMF staff have used CPAT extensively in IMF flagship reports and country-level analyses, including:\n - Fiscal Monitor\n - World Economic Outlook\n - Selected Issues Papers informing Article IV surveillance\n - Technical assistance reports\n - Regional analyses\n - Thematic papers\n- Examples of country and regional analyses using CPAT include:\n - Climate Adaptation and Energy Reform: Strengthening Botswana’s Macroeconomic Resilience\n - Emerging Climate and Energy Transition Issues: Kingdom of the Netherlands - The Netherlands\n - Macroeconomic Implications of Climate Challenges: Nigeria\n - Deep Dive on the Climate Transition for France: Macroeconomic Implications, Fiscal Policies, and Financial Risks\n - People’s Republic of China: Selected Issues\n - Chile: Technical Assistance Report-An Evaluation of Improved Tax Options\n - Republic of Madagascar: Technical Assistance Report-Climate Macroeconomic Assessment Program\n - Scaling up Climate Mitigation Policy in Germany\n - A Comprehensive Climate Mitigation Strategy for Mexico\n - A Low-Carbon Future for the Middle East and Central Asia: What are the Options?\n - Regional Economic Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean, October 2021\n - Surging Energy Prices in Europe in the Aftermath of the War: How to Support the Vulnerable and Speed up the Transition Away from Fossil Fuels\n- Examples of global and thematic analyses using CPAT include:\n - Underpriced and Overused: Fossil Fuel Subsidies Data 2025 Update\n - Cutting Emissions, Securing Energy: Macroeconomic Assessment for COP30\n - Fiscal Implications of Global Decarbonization\n - A Framework for Comparing Climate Mitigation Policies Across Countries\n - Getting on Track to Net Zero: Accelerating a Global Just Transition in This Decade\n - Proposal for an International Carbon Price Floor Among Large Emitters\n - How to Cut Methane Emissions\n - Carbon Taxes or Emissions Trading Systems?: Instrument Choice and Design\n - Climate Crossroads: Fiscal Policies in a Warming World\n - Fiscal Policy from Pandemic to War\n - How to Mitigate Climate Change" } ], "bullets": [ "Government representatives can request the tool by reaching out through their country’s respective Executive Director (ED) office.", "CPAT has been developed by IMF and WB staff with contributions from a large range of individuals.", "Core staff: Simon Black, Ian Parry, Nate Vernon, Karlygash Zhunussova, Lukas Adamski, Daniel Bastidas, Cristian Chagalj, Jing Han, Alberto Garcia Huitron, Mariza Montes de Oca Leon, Danielle Minnett, Alpa Shah, Sunalika Singh.", "World Bank Group team contributed to the World Bank side of CPAT, providing additional technical guidance and examples of use.", "The IMF-World Bank Climate Policy Assessment Tool (CPAT) is a spreadsheet-based model which helps policymakers to assess, design, and implement climate mitigation policies.", "CPAT allows for the rapid estimation of effects of climate mitigation policies for over 180 countries.", "Outputs and impacts estimated include:", "CPAT provides consistent cross-country estimates of projections of emissions, fuel use by major energy sector, mitigation effort, and efficient fuel prices.", "Carbon pricing: carbon taxes and ETSs", "Fossil fuel subsidy reform", "Energy price liberalization", "Electricity and fuel taxes", "Methane fees", "VAT harmonization", "Energy efficiency and emission rate regulations", "Feebates", "Renewable subsidies and feed-in tariffs", "Green public investments", "Combinations of the above policies", "Policies are evaluated against a range of metrics to assess tradeoffs and tailor reforms to country contexts.", "The tool is transparent and user-friendly, requiring little prior knowledge and no external data to run.", "CPAT is parameterized to be broadly consistent with a wide range of ex ante models as well as the ex post empirical literature.", "CPAT evolved from an earlier IMF tool and has been significantly upgraded to include more policies, sectors, fuels, and impacts.", "For details on methodology, key inputs, assumptions, outputs, and caveats, a methodological Working Paper is available.", "IMF staff have used CPAT extensively in IMF flagship reports and country-level analyses, including:", "Examples of country and regional analyses using CPAT include:", "Examples of global and thematic analyses using CPAT include:", "**Chapter 2. Coordinating Taxation Across Borders. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2022**" ], "related": [ { "title": "Chapter 2. Coordinating Taxation Across Borders. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2022", "role": "chapter", "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2022/april/english/ch2.pdf", "summary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2022/april/english/ch2.pdf.md", "mime": "text/markdown" }, "binary": { "path": "/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2022/april/english/ch2.pdf", "mime": "application/pdf" } } ], "alternates": { "markdown": "/en/topics/climate-change/cpat/index.md", "json": "/en/topics/climate-change/cpat/index.json", "bundleManifest": "/en/topics/climate-change/cpat/bundle-manifest.json" }, "generatedAtUtc": "2026-10-01T18:05:54.568Z" }