{
  "title": "PUBLICATIONS",
  "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/en/topics/fiscal-policies/fiscal-risks/fiscal-risks-knowledge-hub/fiscal-risks-knowledge-hub-publications",
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  "summary": "Knowledge Hub: Learn about fiscal transparency.",
  "sections": [
    {
      "heading": "Overview",
      "content": "- Knowledge Hub: Learn about fiscal transparency.\n- Recent and thematic publications focus on managing fiscal risks, guidance notes, policy and analytical papers, and published country technical reports."
    },
    {
      "heading": "Recent Thematic Publications",
      "content": "- Managing Fiscal Risks in the Middle East and North Africa (June 2023)\n- Quasi-Fiscal Implications of Central Bank Crisis Interventions\n- Armenia: Technical Assistance Report-Quantifying Fiscal Risks from Climate Change (October 2022)\n- The State as Financier of Last Resort\n- How to Manage Fiscal Risks from Subnational Governments (September 2022)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Guidance Notes",
      "content": "- The State as Financier of Last Resort (October 2022)\n- How to Manage Fiscal Risks from Subnational Governments (September 2022)\n- How to Assess Fiscal Risks from State-Owned Enterprises: Benchmarking and Stress Testing (August 2021)\n- Managing Fiscal Risks Under Fiscal Stress (2020)\n- COVID-19: How to Record Government Policy Interventions in Fiscal Statistics (2020)\n- Fiscal Transparency Code (2019)\n- Fiscal Transparency Handbook (April 2018)\n- How to Manage the Fiscal Costs of Natural Disasters (June 2018)\n- How to Control the Fiscal Costs of Public-Private Partnerships (October 2018)\n- How to Strengthen the Management of Government Guarantees (October 2018)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Policy and Analytical Papers",
      "content": "- Quasi-Fiscal Implications of Central Bank Crisis Interventions (June 2023)\n- The Nexus Between Public Enterprise Governance, Financial Performance, and Macroeconomic Vulnerabilities: An Application to Moldova (March 2022)\n- Strengthening the Credibility of Public Finances (October 2021)\n- State-Owned Enterprises in Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia: Size, Costs, and Challenges (September 2021)\n- Mastering the Risky Business of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure (May 2021)\n- Managing Fiscal Risks from State-Owned Enterprises (September 2020)\n- Government Support to State-Owned Enterprises: Options for Sub-Saharan Africa (June 2020)\n- State-Owned Enterprises: the Other Government (April 2020)\n- Managing Public Wealth (October 2018)\n- State-Owned Enterprises in Emerging Europe: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (October 2017)\n- Analyzing and Managing Fiscal Risks Best Practices (May 2016)\n- The Fiscal Cost of Contingent Liabilities: A New Dataset (February 2016)\n- Fiscal Transparency Accountability and Risk (August 2012)\n- A Toolkit for Assessing Fiscal Vulnerabilities and Risks in Advanced Economies (January 2012)\n- Disclosing Fiscal Risks in the Post-Crisis World (July 2009)"
    },
    {
      "heading": "Published Country Technical Reports",
      "content": "- Armenia: Technical Assistance Report-Quantifying Fiscal Risks from Climate Change (October 2022)\n- Georgia: Technical Assistance Report-Updating the Balance Sheet and Quantifying Fiscal Risks From Climate Change (May 2022)\n- Georgia: Technical Assistance Report-Public Sector Balance Sheet and State Owned Enterprises (July 2020)\n- India: Technical Assistance Report-State of Tamil Nadu-Modernizing Budget Formulation and Managing Fiscal Risks (June 2020)\n- Ghana's Public Sector Balance Sheet (December 2019)\n- Ukraine: State-Owned Enterprises: Fiscal Risk Management (December 2019)\n- Ukraine: Technical Assistance Report-Strengthening Public Financial Management (December 2019)\n- Ukraine: Medium-Term Budget Framework and Fiscal Risk Statement (November 2019)\n- Japan's Public Sector Balance Sheet (October 2019)\n- Bosnia and Herzegovina: State-Owned Enterprises: Assessing Performance and Oversight (September 2019)\n- United States' Public Wealth (July 2019)\n- Indonesia's Public Wealth: A Balance Sheet Approach to Fiscal Policy Analysis (April 2019)\n- Namibia: Technical Assistance Report-Assessing and Managing Fiscal Risks from State-Entities and Public-Private Partnerships (August 2018)\n- Côte d'Ivoire: Technical Assistance Report-Modernizing the Analysis, Monitoring, and Disclosure of Fiscal Risks (April 2018)\n- The Gambia Fiscal Stress Test (April 2018)\n- Finland's Public Sector Balance Sheet (April 2018)"
    }
  ],
  "bullets": [
    "Knowledge Hub: Learn about fiscal transparency.",
    "Recent and thematic publications focus on managing fiscal risks, guidance notes, policy and analytical papers, and published country technical reports.",
    "Managing Fiscal Risks in the Middle East and North Africa (June 2023)",
    "Quasi-Fiscal Implications of Central Bank Crisis Interventions",
    "Armenia: Technical Assistance Report-Quantifying Fiscal Risks from Climate Change (October 2022)",
    "The State as Financier of Last Resort",
    "How to Manage Fiscal Risks from Subnational Governments (September 2022)",
    "The State as Financier of Last Resort (October 2022)",
    "How to Manage Fiscal Risks from Subnational Governments (September 2022)",
    "How to Assess Fiscal Risks from State-Owned Enterprises: Benchmarking and Stress Testing (August 2021)",
    "Managing Fiscal Risks Under Fiscal Stress (2020)",
    "COVID-19: How to Record Government Policy Interventions in Fiscal Statistics (2020)",
    "Fiscal Transparency Code (2019)",
    "Fiscal Transparency Handbook (April 2018)",
    "How to Manage the Fiscal Costs of Natural Disasters (June 2018)",
    "How to Control the Fiscal Costs of Public-Private Partnerships (October 2018)",
    "How to Strengthen the Management of Government Guarantees (October 2018)",
    "Quasi-Fiscal Implications of Central Bank Crisis Interventions (June 2023)",
    "The Nexus Between Public Enterprise Governance, Financial Performance, and Macroeconomic Vulnerabilities: An Application to Moldova (March 2022)",
    "Strengthening the Credibility of Public Finances (October 2021)",
    "State-Owned Enterprises in Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia: Size, Costs, and Challenges (September 2021)",
    "Mastering the Risky Business of Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure (May 2021)",
    "Managing Fiscal Risks from State-Owned Enterprises (September 2020)",
    "Government Support to State-Owned Enterprises: Options for Sub-Saharan Africa (June 2020)",
    "State-Owned Enterprises: the Other Government (April 2020)",
    "Managing Public Wealth (October 2018)",
    "State-Owned Enterprises in Emerging Europe: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (October 2017)",
    "Analyzing and Managing Fiscal Risks Best Practices (May 2016)",
    "The Fiscal Cost of Contingent Liabilities: A New Dataset (February 2016)",
    "Fiscal Transparency Accountability and Risk (August 2012)",
    "A Toolkit for Assessing Fiscal Vulnerabilities and Risks in Advanced Economies (January 2012)",
    "Disclosing Fiscal Risks in the Post-Crisis World (July 2009)",
    "Armenia: Technical Assistance Report-Quantifying Fiscal Risks from Climate Change (October 2022)",
    "Georgia: Technical Assistance Report-Updating the Balance Sheet and Quantifying Fiscal Risks From Climate Change (May 2022)",
    "Georgia: Technical Assistance Report-Public Sector Balance Sheet and State Owned Enterprises (July 2020)",
    "India: Technical Assistance Report-State of Tamil Nadu-Modernizing Budget Formulation and Managing Fiscal Risks (June 2020)",
    "Ghana's Public Sector Balance Sheet (December 2019)",
    "Ukraine: State-Owned Enterprises: Fiscal Risk Management (December 2019)",
    "Ukraine: Technical Assistance Report-Strengthening Public Financial Management (December 2019)",
    "Ukraine: Medium-Term Budget Framework and Fiscal Risk Statement (November 2019)",
    "Japan's Public Sector Balance Sheet (October 2019)",
    "Bosnia and Herzegovina: State-Owned Enterprises: Assessing Performance and Oversight (September 2019)",
    "United States' Public Wealth (July 2019)",
    "Indonesia's Public Wealth: A Balance Sheet Approach to Fiscal Policy Analysis (April 2019)",
    "Namibia: Technical Assistance Report-Assessing and Managing Fiscal Risks from State-Entities and Public-Private Partnerships (August 2018)",
    "Côte d'Ivoire: Technical Assistance Report-Modernizing the Analysis, Monitoring, and Disclosure of Fiscal Risks (April 2018)",
    "The Gambia Fiscal Stress Test (April 2018)",
    "Finland's Public Sector Balance Sheet (April 2018)",
    "**COVID-19: How to Record Government Policy Interventions in Fiscal Statistics**",
    "**Government Support to State-Owned Enterprises: Options for Sub-Saharan Africa**",
    "**Managing Fiscal Risks Under Fiscal Stress**",
    "**Cr18258**",
    "**Managing Public Wealth**",
    "**Japan's Public Sector Balance Sheet**",
    "[Fiscal Transparency Code (PDF)](/external/np/fad/trans/code2019.pdf){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}",
    "[Analyzing and Managing Fiscal Risks Best Practices (PDF)](/external/np/pp/eng/2016/050416.pdf){rel=\"external\" type=\"application/pdf\"}"
  ],
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      "title": "COVID-19: How to Record Government Policy Interventions in Fiscal Statistics",
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    {
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    {
      "title": "Managing Fiscal Risks Under Fiscal Stress",
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      "title": "Cr18258",
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      "title": "Managing Public Wealth",
      "role": "document",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.imf.org/-/media/files/publications/fiscal-monitor/2018/october/pdf/fm1802.pdf",
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