## Topic 3: Building Resilience ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [Topic 3: Building Resilience](https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/building-resilience) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/building-resilience/index.md) - [Structured JSON version](/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/building-resilience/index.json) - [Bundle manifest](/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/building-resilience/bundle-manifest.json) --- ### Overview - Building resilience is a key topic under the FCDO-IMF partnership on research on the macroeconomics of low-income countries (LICs). - The work addresses challenges that hinder sustained growth in LICs, including: - COVID-19 pandemic. - Natural disasters. - Effects of climate change. - Large outflows and inflows of labor due to developments such as conflicts. - The partnership plans an extensive effort to understand how countries can build resilience in the face of such developments. - Project Managers: Petia Topalova; Emine Boz. - Contact: MacroResDev@imf.org. ### Phase 2 (April 2015 to March 2017) - Focus: - Work under the theme of building resilience began in the last year of phase 2. - Producing new research on optimal macroeconomic policies to help LICs enhance resilience to the effects of climate change and natural disasters. - Achievements (examples): - A research paper: "Investing to Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change: A Framework Model". - A policy paper: "Small States' Resilience to Natural Disasters and Climate Change - Role for the IMF". - Outputs: Referenced report for year 5 of the FCDO-IMF partnership lists all work produced under phase 2. ### Phase 3 (April 2017 to March 2020) - Focus: - Extensions of the Debt, Investment and Growth (DIG) models, integrated assessment models (IAMs), and heterogeneous agents’ macroeconomic and distributional analysis models (MDAMs). - Incorporate features capturing main channels through which natural disasters and climate change affect LICs. - Analytical advances and policy relevance: - For natural disasters, models help prioritize areas of risk mitigation and suggest ways of organizing and financing post-disaster recovery. - For climate change, models illuminate short-run macroeconomic and growth implications of adaptation and the distributional impact of major policies: cap and trade, carbon tax, and phasing in of renewable energy. - Achievements (examples): - Paper: "Building Resilience to Natural Disasters: An Application to Small Developing States". - Paper: "Emissions and Growth: Trends and Cycles in a Globalized World". - Policy paper: "Building Resilience in Developing Countries Vulnerable to Large Natural Disasters". - Outputs: Referenced reports for year 6, year 7, and year 8 of the FCDO-IMF partnership list all work produced under phase 3. ### Phase 4 (April 2020 to March 2025) - Focus areas: - Macro criticality of climate-change-related natural disaster shocks, including pandemic situations like COVID-19. - Empirical examination of the economic consequences of severe epidemics and similar health-related shocks. - Revisiting industry diversification and sector vulnerability upon natural disaster shocks. - Integrated assessment on long-run impacts of climate change in LICs. - Outputs: Upcoming reports for years 9–13 will list work produced under phase 4. ### Cross-cutting research themes and methods - Models and approaches: - Debt, Investment and Growth (DIG) models. - Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs). - Heterogeneous agents’ macroeconomic and distributional analysis models (MDAMs). - Policy questions addressed: - How to prioritize risk mitigation investments. - How to organize and finance post-disaster recovery. - Distributional effects of climate-mitigation policies (cap and trade; carbon tax; phasing in of renewable energy). - Industry diversification and sector vulnerability to natural disaster shocks. - Long-run impacts of climate change and severe epidemics on LIC macroeconomies. ### Outputs inventory and administrative notes - Outputs list referenced: "List of Outputs: Year 1 to 13 (Excel)". - Related evaluations: "Advances Made in Five Key Areas Through a FCDO-IMF Collaboration"; "External Review of the IMF/FCDO Collaboration". - Administrative contact: MacroResDev@imf.org. --- ## Content in this bundle - **June 2019** - [June 2019 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/dfid-ar-june2019.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2019 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/dfid-ar-june2019.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2020** - [June 2020 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/dfid-ar-june2020.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2020 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/dfid-ar-june2020.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2021** - [June 2021 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2021.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2021 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2021.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2022** - [June 2022 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2022.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2022 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2022.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2023** - [June 2023 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2023.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2023 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2023.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2024** - [June 2024 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2024.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2024 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2024.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2025** - [June 2025 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2025.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2025 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2025.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Call to Donors to Strengthen IMF Research Capacity for Low-Income Countries** - [Call to Donors to Strengthen IMF Research Capacity for Low-Income Countries (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/call-to-donors-to-strengthen-imf-research-capacity-for-low-income-countries-nov-2025.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Call to Donors to Strengthen IMF Research Capacity for Low-Income Countries (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/call-to-donors-to-strengthen-imf-research-capacity-for-low-income-countries-nov-2025.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **MRLIC programme review — By March 2018** - [MRLIC programme review — By March 2018 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2018.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [MRLIC programme review — By March 2018 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2018.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - [List of Outputs: Year 1 to 13 (XLSX)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/listofoutputs.xlsx){rel="external" type="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"} - **Dec 2018, Vol.6** - [Dec 2018, Vol.6 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2018.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Dec 2018, Vol.6 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2018.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Dec 2019, Vol.7** - [Dec 2019, Vol.7 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2019.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - 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[Sep 2023, Vol.11 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2023.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Sep 2024, Vol.12** - [Sep 2024, Vol.12 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2024.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Sep 2024, Vol.12 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2024.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - [Sep 2025, Vol.13 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2025.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Devarajan–O'Connell final report on the MRLIC project** - [Devarajan–O'Connell final report on the MRLIC project (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/related-links/devarajan-oconnell-final-report-on-mrlic-project-final.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Devarajan–O'Connell final report on the MRLIC project (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/related-links/devarajan-oconnell-final-report-on-mrlic-project-final.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - [Small States' Resilience to Natural Disasters and Climate Change - Role for the IMF (PDF)](/external/np/pp/eng/2016/110416.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - [Investing to Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change: A Framework Model (PDF)](/external/pubs/ft/wp/2016/wp16164.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} --- ## References - [Modelling policy choices](https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/modeling-policy-choices) - [Understanding macro-financial linkages](https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/understanding-macro-financial-linkages) - [Promoting structural change and institutional development](https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/promoting-structural-change-institutional-development) - [Enhancing inclusion](https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/enhancing-inclusion) - [Advances Made in Five Key Areas Through a FCDO-IMF Collaboration](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Departmental-Papers-Policy-Papers/Issues/2021/03/24/Macroeconomic-Research-in-Low-income-Countries-Advances-Made-in-Five-Key-Areas-Through-a-50010) - [Building Resilience to Natural Disasters: An Application to Small Developing States](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2017/10/30/Building-Resilience-to-Natural-Disasters-An-Application-to-Small-Developing-States-45329) - [Emissions and Growth: Trends and Cycles in a Globalized World.](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2017/08/30/Emissions-and-Growth-Trends-and-Cycles-in-a-Globalized-World-45202) _Source: https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/building-resilience_