## Topic 4: Promoting Structural Change and Institutional Development ## Source details **Canonical URL:** [Topic 4: Promoting Structural Change and Institutional Development](https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/promoting-structural-change-institutional-development) ## Other formats - [Markdown version](/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/promoting-structural-change-institutional-development/index.md) - [Structured JSON version](/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/promoting-structural-change-institutional-development/index.json) - [Bundle manifest](/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/promoting-structural-change-institutional-development/bundle-manifest.json) --- ### Overview - Low-income countries (LICs) face an increasingly challenging external environment: slowing global growth under the ongoing COVID-19 crisis; sharp declines with high volatility in commodity prices; and tighter external funding conditions. These developments have raised concerns about a prolonged growth slowdown and elevated the priority of structural reforms in LICs. - Strengthening governance and tackling corruption are identified as necessary for successful progress on many reforms. - The work is carried out under the FCDO-IMF partnership on research on the macroeconomics of LICs, spanning four phases covering March 2012 to March 2025. ### Evolution of the FCDO-IMF research collaboration - Phase 1: March 2012 to March 2015 - Phase 2: April 2015 to March 2017 - Phase 3: April 2017 to March 2020 - Phase 4: April 2020 to March 2025 - Outputs associated with the partnership are catalogued as "Year 1 to 13 (Excel)" and by individual year reports for each phase. ### Major achievements and outputs by phase - Phase 1 (March 2012 to March 2015) - Focus: growth through diversification and structural transformation. - Major achievement: construction of a new publicly available diversification toolkit enabling assessment of potential for further transformation and quality upgrading in LICs. - Other outputs: policy papers "Economic Diversification in LICs: Stylized Facts and Macroeconomic Implications" and "Sustaining Long-run Growth and Macroeconomic Stability in Low-income countries—The Role of Structural Transformation and Diversification"; conference on "Diversification and Structural Transformation for Growth and Stability in Low-Income Countries". - Phase 2 (April 2015 to March 2017) - Focus: extend the diversification toolkit to include services exports; examine the link between gender and diversification; expand training on toolkit usage. - Outputs include: working paper "World Trade in Services: Evidence from A New Dataset"; working paper "Gender Equality and Economic Diversification"; policy paper "From Ambition to Execution: Policies in Support of Sustainable Development Goals". - Phase 3 (April 2017 to March 2020) - Research plan three-fold: - Encourage greater uptake of the Diversification Toolkit and enhance its value. - Construct a comprehensive database on structural reforms and policies to identify which policies delivered inclusive growth and facilitated structural transformation. - Study strategies for maintaining growth in a weaker external environment, including through strengthening governance. - Achievements include: applications of the diversification toolkit on Sub-Saharan Africa, Guinea-Bissau, and Vanuatu; paper "Structural Reforms and Elections: Evidence from a World-Wide New Dataset"; high level conference "Global Transformations: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Economies". - Phase 4 (April 2020 to March 2025) - Focus areas: - Diversification and interactions with development and industrial policies. - Automation and the changing landscape of structural transformation in LICs. - State fragility, economic consequences, and shock mitigation. - Outputs for years 9-13 are indicated as forthcoming. ### Tools, datasets, and capacity building - Diversification Toolkit: - Initially developed under phase 1; extended under phase 2 to include services exports. - Subject to wider uptake and enhancements during phase 3, with applications to specific countries and regions. - Databases and datasets: - Phase 3 included construction of a comprehensive database on structural reforms and policies. - Research output referenced working papers and new datasets (e.g., services trade dataset; world-wide dataset on structural reforms and elections). - Training and dissemination: - Phase 2 emphasized expanded training on how to use the diversification toolkit. - Phase 3 prioritized encouraging uptake and increasing the toolkit's value through enhancements and country/regional applications. ### Policy implications and research priorities - Prioritized policy agenda items for LICs: - Structural reforms to support diversification and long-run growth. - Strengthening governance and addressing corruption to enable reform implementation. - Policies to manage and mitigate shocks from volatile commodity prices and tighter external financing. - Understanding interactions between diversification, development policy, and industrial policy. - Assessing the impact of automation on structural transformation pathways. - Addressing state fragility and designing shock-mitigation strategies. ### Project management and contact - Project Managers: Petia Topalova; Emine Boz - Contact: MacroResDev@imf.org --- ## Content in this bundle - **June 2019** - [June 2019 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/dfid-ar-june2019.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2019 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/dfid-ar-june2019.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2020** - [June 2020 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/dfid-ar-june2020.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2020 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/dfid-ar-june2020.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2021** - [June 2021 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2021.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2021 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2021.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2022** - [June 2022 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2022.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2022 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2022.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2023** - [June 2023 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2023.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2023 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2023.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2024** - [June 2024 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2024.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2024 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2024.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June 2025** - [June 2025 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2025.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June 2025 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/annual-reports/fcdo-ar-june2025.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Call to Donors to Strengthen IMF Research Capacity for Low-Income Countries** - [Call to Donors to Strengthen IMF Research Capacity for Low-Income Countries (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/call-to-donors-to-strengthen-imf-research-capacity-for-low-income-countries-nov-2025.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Call to Donors to Strengthen IMF Research Capacity for Low-Income Countries (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/call-to-donors-to-strengthen-imf-research-capacity-for-low-income-countries-nov-2025.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Macroeconomic Research in Low Income Countries — June 2013** - [Macroeconomic Research in Low Income Countries — June 2013 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2013.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Macroeconomic Research in Low Income Countries — June 2013 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2013.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Macroeconomic Research in Low Income Countries — June 2014** - [Macroeconomic Research in Low Income Countries — June 2014 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2014.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Macroeconomic Research in Low Income Countries — June 2014 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2014.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June2015** - [June2015 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2015.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June2015 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2015.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Annual Review of the Macroeconomic Research in Low Income Countries project** - [Annual Review of the Macroeconomic Research in Low Income Countries project (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2016.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Annual Review of the Macroeconomic Research in Low Income Countries project (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2016.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **June2017** - [June2017 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2017.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [June2017 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2017.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **MRLIC programme review — By March 2018** - [MRLIC programme review — By March 2018 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2018.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [MRLIC programme review — By March 2018 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/documents/june2018.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - [List of Outputs: Year 1 to 13 (XLSX)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/listofoutputs.xlsx){rel="external" type="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"} - **Dec 2018, Vol.6** - [Dec 2018, Vol.6 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2018.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Dec 2018, Vol.6 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2018.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Dec 2019, Vol.7** - [Dec 2019, Vol.7 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2019.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Dec 2019, Vol.7 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2019.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Dec 2020, Vol.8** - [Dec 2020, Vol.8 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2020.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Dec 2020, Vol.8 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2020.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Dec 2021, Vol.9** - [Dec 2021, Vol.9 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2021.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Dec 2021, Vol.9 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2021.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Dec 2022, Vol.10** - [Dec 2022, Vol.10 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2022.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Dec 2022, Vol.10 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2022.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Dec 2023, Vol.11** - [Dec 2023, Vol.11 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2023.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Dec 2023, Vol.11 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2023.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Dec 2024, Vol.12** - [Dec 2024, Vol.12 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2024.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Dec 2024, Vol.12 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2024.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Dec 2025, Vol.13** - [Dec 2025, Vol.13 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2025.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Dec 2025, Vol.13 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/dec2025.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Jun 2018, Vol.6** - [Jun 2018, Vol.6 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2018.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Jun 2018, Vol.6 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2018.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Jun 2019, Vol.7** - [Jun 2019, Vol.7 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2019.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Jun 2019, Vol.7 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2019.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Jun 2020, Vol.8** - [Jun 2020, Vol.8 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2020.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Jun 2020, Vol.8 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2020.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Jun 2021, Vol.9** - [Jun 2021, Vol.9 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2021.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Jun 2021, Vol.9 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2021.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Jun 2022, Vol.10** - [Jun 2022, Vol.10 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2022.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Jun 2022, Vol.10 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2022.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Jun 2023, Vol.11** - [Jun 2023, Vol.11 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2023.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Jun 2023, Vol.11 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2023.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Jun 2024, Vol.12** - [Jun 2024, Vol.12 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2024.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Jun 2024, Vol.12 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2024.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - [Jun 2025, Vol.13 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/jun2025.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Mar 2018, Vol.6** - [Mar 2018, Vol.6 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2018.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Mar 2018, Vol.6 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2018.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Mar 2019, Vol.7** - [Mar 2019, Vol.7 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2019.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Mar 2019, Vol.7 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2019.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Mar 2020, Vol.8** - [Mar 2020, Vol.8 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2020.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Mar 2020, Vol.8 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2020.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Mar 2021, Vol.9** - [Mar 2021, Vol.9 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2021.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Mar 2021, Vol.9 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2021.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Mar 2022, Vol.10** - [Mar 2022, Vol.10 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2022.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Mar 2022, Vol.10 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2022.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Mar 2023, Vol.11** - [Mar 2023, Vol.11 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2023.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Mar 2023, Vol.11 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2023.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - [Mar 2024, Vol.12 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2024.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Mar 2025, Vol.13** - [Mar 2025, Vol.13 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2025.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Mar 2025, Vol.13 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2025.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Mar 2026, Vol.14** - [Mar 2026, Vol.14 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2026.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Mar 2026, Vol.14 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/mar2026.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Sep 2018, Vol.6** - [Sep 2018, Vol.6 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2018.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Sep 2018, Vol.6 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2018.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Sep 2019, Vol.7** - [Sep 2019, Vol.7 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2019.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Sep 2019, Vol.7 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2019.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Sep 2020, Vol.8** - [Sep 2020, Vol.8 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2020.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Sep 2020, Vol.8 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2020.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Sep 2021, Vol.9** - [Sep 2021, Vol.9 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2021.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Sep 2021, Vol.9 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2021.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Sep 2022, Vol.10** - [Sep 2022, Vol.10 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2022.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Sep 2022, Vol.10 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2022.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Sep 2023, Vol.11** - [Sep 2023, Vol.11 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2023.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Sep 2023, Vol.11 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2023.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Sep 2024, Vol.12** - [Sep 2024, Vol.12 (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2024.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Sep 2024, Vol.12 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2024.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - [Sep 2025, Vol.13 (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/newsletters/sep2025.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - **Devarajan–O'Connell final report on the MRLIC project** - [Devarajan–O'Connell final report on the MRLIC project (Markdown version)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/related-links/devarajan-oconnell-final-report-on-mrlic-project-final.pdf.md){rel="alternate" type="text/markdown"} - [Devarajan–O'Connell final report on the MRLIC project (PDF)](/-/media/files/topics/lics/macro-research-for-development/related-links/devarajan-oconnell-final-report-on-mrlic-project-final.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - [Policy Paper (2014) (PDF)](/external/np/pp/eng/2014/030514.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} - [From Ambition to Execution: Policies in Support of Sustainable Development Goals (PDF)](/external/pubs/ft/sdn/2015/sdn1518.pdf){rel="external" type="application/pdf"} --- ## References - [Modelling policy choices](https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/modeling-policy-choices) - [Understanding macro-financial linkages](https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/understanding-macro-financial-linkages) - [Building resilience](https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/building-resilience) - [Enhancing inclusion](https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/enhancing-inclusion) - [Advances Made in Five Key Areas Through a FCDO-IMF Collaboration](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Departmental-Papers-Policy-Papers/Issues/2021/03/24/Macroeconomic-Research-in-Low-income-Countries-Advances-Made-in-Five-Key-Areas-Through-a-50010) - [Economic Diversification in LICs: Stylized Facts and Macroeconomic Implications](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2016/12/31/Economic-Diversification-in-LICs-Stylized-Facts-and-Macroeconomic-Implications-40166) - [World Trade in Services: Evidence from A New Dataset](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2017/03/29/World-Trade-in-Services-Evidence-from-A-New-Dataset-44776) - [Gender Equality and Economic Diversification](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/31/Gender-Equality-and-Economic-Diversification-44091) - [Sub-Saharan Africa, Guinea-Bissau, and Vanuatu](https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/REO/SSA/Issues/2017/10/19/sreo1017) _Source: https://www.imf.org/en/topics/low-income-countries/macro-research-for-development/promoting-structural-change-institutional-development_