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F&D Magazine

Xavier Jaravel on Democratizing Innovation to Spur Growth

XAVIER JARAVEL April 1, 2025

Most of today’s innovators emerge from a narrow demographic group with specific backgrounds, which Xavier Jaravel says creates the phenomena of “Lost Einsteins” and “Lost Marie Curies". Jaravel is a professor of economics at the London School of Economics. In this podcast, he talks about the benefits of unleashing untapped talent and broadening the pool of innovators worldwide.

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F&D Magazine / Education

Amory Gethin Measures the Economic Value of Education

AMORY GETHIN March 20, 2025

Economists have long surmised that people’s knowledge and skills contribute significantly to economic development, but to what degree can access to an education change lives? Amory Gethin is an economist in the World Bank Development Research Group working on growth and inequality and has sought to quantify the economic value of education as it relates to global poverty reduction. In this podcast, Gethin says investing in education advances those who pursue degrees and those who don’t.

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F&D Magazine / Economic growth

Karthik Sastry on Animal Spirits and the Economy

KARTHIK SASTRY March 12, 2025

While we like to think our financial decisions are based on logic, the truth is, they are largely driven by emotion. So when John Maynard Keynes looked for methods to measure economic fluctuations, animal spirits were a key ingredient. Karthik Sastry is a macroeconomist and assistant professor at Princeton University. In this podcast, he says personal instincts and primal urges are known to cause cycles of boom and bust, and one way to gauge those emotions is through economic narratives.

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F&D Magazine

Oren Cass on the Invisible Hand

OREN CASS March 3, 2025

Modern economics was built on ideas spelled out by Adam Smith in his 18th-century The Wealth of Nations. But while he used the term only once in that voluminous economic treatise, Smith is most remembered for “the invisible hand,” a metaphor that Oren Cass says has wrongly been associated with the idea that markets magically self-correct. Cass is the founder and chief economist at American Compass. In this podcast, he says the contortion of Smith’s idea led to a blind faith in markets, whereas “the invisible hand” was really about ensuring the alignment between private profit and the public interest.  

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F&D Magazine

Sanjeev Gupta on Health Financing

SANJEEV GUPTA February 25, 2025

The pandemic was a brutal reminder of how crucial public health systems are, yet health budgets in developing economies are still underfunded. In this podcast, Center for Global Development fellow Sanjeev Gupta says greater revenue collection and improved budget execution would strengthen health systems and reduce the need for foreign assistance.

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F&D Magazine / Development

Elizabeth Johnson on Fixing São Paulo’s Housing Deficit

ELIZABETH JOHNSON December 19, 2024

As urbanization continues to grow worldwide, affordable housing is a rare commodity in many cities. São Paulo­, South America’s biggest city, has gained over 2 million new residents in the past decade alone. Elizabeth Johnson heads Brazil research at TS Lombard and says the city is now looking to its largely abandoned downtown core to address its housing woes.

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F&D Magazine / Housing

Deniz Igan on The Housing Affordability Crunch

DENIZ IGAN December 12, 2024

While housing markets play a significant role in economies, new research shows houses across 40 countries are less affordable than at any time since the 2008 financial crisis. In this podcast, IMF economist Deniz Igan says the pandemic triggered an unusual sequence of events that housing markets around the world are still struggling to correct. 

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F&D Magazine / Productivity

Nicholas Bloom on why Remote Work is Good for Growth

NICHOLAS BLOOM September 3, 2024

Working from home was not an option for most people before March 11, 2020, when work and home life suddenly collided. Stanford University's Nicholas Bloom was studying the potential impact of remote work long before the pandemic launched it into the mainstream and now has data to suggest businesses should stick to the hybrid working model.

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F&D Magazine

Raghuram Rajan on Blazing a New Path to India’s Development

RAGHURAM RAJAN, KRISHNA SRINIVASAN August 15, 2024

For many emerging market economies, moving from an export-oriented strategy with labor-intensive manufacturing to a more sophisticated production process was key to their development. But the world is quickly changing, and former Reserve Bank of India Governor Raghuram Rajan says India need not follow that same path. In this podcast, IMF Asia and Pacific Department Head Krishna Srinivasan and Rajan discuss how India might leverage its growing workforce and pivot from “brawn to brain”.

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F&D Magazine / Debt

Mark Aguiar: When Sovereign Debt Breaks its Promise

MARK AGUIAR August 8, 2024

For decades, governments have been tapping into global sovereign debt markets to smooth ups and downs in revenue with the hope that it would help spur investment. But what happens when government borrowing fails to deliver? Mark Aguiar is the Director of the International Economics Section at Princeton University, and his research suggests that sovereign borrowing to stabilize the economy may have the opposite effect.

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F&D Magazine / Inclusive growth

Daniel Susskind on Growth: A History and a Reckoning

DANIEL SUSSKIND June 11, 2024

Economic growth is often seen as the core ingredient to social development, but it’s a relatively new idea. So what did pre-growth society look like and how much growth can modern society sustain? In this podcast, Daniel Susskind argues that economic policy should consider the costs of growth more carefully and realign the drivers to better fit with the challenges of our time. 

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F&D Magazine / International organization

James Boughton on The Messy Legacy of Harry Dexter White

James Boughton June 3, 2024

It’s no mystery where the IMF was born but its origin story might surprise you. While the spotlight was on John Maynard Keynes during the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference, a little-known American economist was working in the shadows. IMF historian James Boughton speaks with Rhoda Metcalfe about how Harry White made history without making a splash.

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About IMF Podcasts

IMF Podcasts are the views of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff and external officials on pressing economic and policy issues of the day. The IMF, based in Washington D.C., is an organization of 191 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation and financial stability around the world. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF and its Executive Board.

© 2025 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED