| Boxes |
|
1.1 |
Global Inequality Today and in 2035 |
|
1.2 |
Equally Distributed Equivalent Income as a Measure of Social Welfare |
|
1.3 |
Bolivia: Inequality Decline during a Commodity Boom
|
|
1.4 |
Measuring Tax Progressivity |
|
1.5 |
Taxing Wealth and Wealth Transfers |
|
1.6 |
Adopting a Universal Basic Income to Support Subsidy Reform in India |
| Annex |
|
1.1 |
Inequality Data Set |
|
1.2 |
Inequality Dimensions: Wealth, Opportunities, and Gender |
|
1.3 |
Model Simulations |
|
1.4 |
The Estimation of Elasticities |
|
1.5 |
Growth Regressions |
|
1.6 |
Empirical Assessment of a Universal Basic Income |
|
1.7 |
Health Outcomes and Inequality in Public Health Spending |
| Figures |
|
1.1 |
Global Income Inequality: Gini Coefficient, 1988–2015 |
|
1.2 |
Decomposition of Global Income Inequality, 1988–2013 |
|
1.3 |
Average Income Inequality across Regions and over Time, 1985–2015 |
|
1.4 |
Change in Inequality by Region, 1985–2015 |
|
1.5 |
Ratio of Share of Wealth Held by Top 1 Percent to Share Held by Top 10 Percent |
|
1.6 |
Change in Gini Coefficient and GDP Growth, 1985–2015 |
|
1.7 |
Growth of Real Income per Capita, by Income Percentile in the Population, 1988–2008 |
|
1.8 |
Regional and World Trends in Extreme Poverty Headcount, 1990–2013 |
|
1.9 |
Redistributive Impact of Taxes and Transfers in Advanced Economies, 2015 or Latest Year |
|
1.10 |
Composition of Tax Revenues, by Region |
|
1.11 |
Composition of Social Spending, by Region |
|
1.12 |
Redistributive Impact of Income Taxes and Transfers, 2015 or Latest Year |
|
1.13 |
Median Tax Progressivity in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Member Countries |
|
1.14 |
Selected Advanced Economies: Top Statutory Personal Income Tax Rate over Time |
|
1.15 |
Concentration of Income above the 95th Percentile, 1970–2012 |
|
1.16 |
Top Marginal Personal Income Tax Rate across Social Welfare Function Weight for Top Earners |
|
1.17 |
Average Corporate Income Tax Rate, 1990–2015 |
|
1.18 |
Average Coverage of Social Assistance Programs among Middle- and Low-Income Countries, by Region, Latest Available Year |
|
1.19 |
European Union Countries: Marginal Effective Tax Rates in Bottom Quartile of Income Distribution |
|
1.20 |
Key Features of Various Forms of Universal Basic Income |
|
1.21 |
Universal Basic Income Gross Fiscal Cost and Distributional Impact |
|
1.22 |
Financing Options for Universal Basic Income Scheme: South Africa, 2012 |
|
1.23 |
Coverage and Progressivity of Safety Net Systems in Eight Country Cases |
|
1.24 |
Ratio of Female to Male Enrollment, Primary and Tertiary Education, 2000 and 2014 |
|
1.25 |
Inequality in Access to Education and Test Scores by Socioeconomic Status |
|
1.26 |
Education Inequality and Inequality of Opportunity |
|
1.27 |
US Social Mobility and Education Outcomes by Parents’ Income, by State |
|
1.28 |
Inequality in School Resources and Education Outcomes |
|
1.29 |
Inequality in Longevity in High-Income Countries |
|
1.30 |
Infant Mortality in Emerging Market Economies and Low-Income Countries, 1994–2014 |
|
1.31 |
Basic Health Coverage in Emerging Market Economies and Low-Income Countries, 1994–2014 |
|
1.32 |
Trends in Out-of-Pocket Spending, 2003–14 |
|
1.33 |
Basic Health Coverage Inequality and Health Outcomes |
|
1.1.1 |
Distribution of Global Income, 2015 and 2035 |
|
1.1.2 |
Population by Individual Income Level and Region, 2015 and 2035 |
|
1.2.1 |
Relationship between Social Welfare (or Equally Distributed Equivalent Income) and Average Income |
|
1.3.1 |
Contribution of Individual Factors to GDP Growth |
|
1.3.2 |
Contribution of Individual Factors to Decline in Gini Coefficient |
|
1.4.1 |
Average Tax Rate across Incomes |
|
1.4.2 |
Lorenz Curves |
|
1.6.1 |
India: Progressivity and Coverage of Public Distribution System and Fuel Subsidies |
|
1.6.2 |
India: Generosity of Public Distribution System and Fuel Subsidies |
|
Annex Figure 1.1.1 |
Gini Income Inequality Data Set: Five-Year Window, Unbalanced Sample, 1980–2015 |
|
Annex Figure 1.1.2 |
Gini Income Inequality Data Set: Five-Year Window, Balanced Sample, 1985–2015 and 1995–2015 |
|
Annex Figure 1.2.1 |
Wealth and Income Shares of Top Percentiles of Households, Selected OECD Countries, 2010 or Latest Available Year |
|
Annex Figure 1.2.2 |
Household Wealth Composition by Quintile and in Top Percentiles, Average among OECD Countries, 2010 or Latest Available Year |
|
Annex Figure 1.2.3 |
Wealth Distribution, 1990–2015 or Latest Available Year |
|
Annex Figure 1.2.4 |
Decomposition of Income of Top 1 Percent |
|
Annex Figure 1.2.5 |
Great Gatsby Curve: Income Inequality and Social Mobility |
|
Annex Figure 1.2.6 |
Income Inequality and Inequality of Opportunity |
|
Annex Figure 1.2.7 |
Gender Inequality Measures, 2015 |
|
Annex Figure 1.3.1 |
United States: Average Effective Personal Income Tax Rate |
|
Annex Figure 1.3.2 |
United States: Changes in Effective Average Personal Income Tax Rate from Expanding Earned Income Tax Credit |
|
Annex Figure 1.3.3 |
United States: Macroeconomic Impact of Expansion of EITC under Various Financing Options |
|
Annex Figure 1.3.4 |
United States: Distributional Impact of Expansion of EITC under Various Financing Options |
|
Annex Figure 1.3.5 |
United States: Changes in Effective Average Personal Income Tax Rates from EITC and Financing with Progressive Taxation |
|
Annex Figure 1.3.6 |
United States: Macroeconomic Impact of Universal Basic Income under Various Financing Options |
|
Annex Figure 1.3.7 |
United States: Distributional Impact of Universal Basic Income under Various Financing Options |
|
Annex Figure 1.3.8 |
United States: Changes in Equally Distributed Equivalent Income under Reform Packages |
|
Annex Figure 1.4.1 |
Elasticities of Taxable Income, Based on Top Income Shares |
| Tables |
|
Annex Table 1.3.1 |
Industrial Sector Characteristics |
|
Annex Table 1.4.1 |
Median of Estimated Elasticities |
|
Annex Table 1.5.1 |
Progressivity and Growth: Annual Regressions |
|
Annex Table 1.5.2 |
Progressivity and Growth Regressions: Five-Year Intervals |
|
Annex Table 1.6.1 |
Gross Fiscal Cost and Redistributive Impacts of Universal Basic Income: All Individuals |
|
Annex Table 1.6.2 |
Gross Fiscal Cost and Redistributive Impacts of Universal Basic Income: Children and the Elderly |
