Johannes Kramer is Senior Financial Sector Expert in the International Monetary Fund (MCM Global Markets Analysis), leading daily market surveillance and contributing to the Global Financial Stability Report. He combines policy-facing monitoring with practitioner-grounded analytics across rates, funding markets, and derivatives. Before joining the IMF, he held roles in investment strategy and risk management at the European Central Bank, including risk management design of monetary policy bond purchases, foreign reserves management, and the design and deployment of euro emergency lending during Covid-19. He also supported policy-relevant foreign portfolio work at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and held roles in wholesale banking spanning financial market analysis and portfolio management. He has published in the Journal of Fixed Income and is a CFA Charterholder. He holds a Master’s degree in Economics from Humboldt University of Berlin with a specialization in Financial Econometrics from ESCP Europe Paris.