Support for developing countries should focus on grants and highly concessional loans for the poorest and fragile countries and helping the more advanced crowd in foreign investment and private finance
Countries can count their contributions to the IMF as their own reserve assets under a unique funding model that does not require budget appropriations or any other taxpayer support
Greater debt transparency builds investor confidence, helps reduce borrowing costs, and strengthens debt sustainability—reducing the risk of shocks that can lead to a debt crisis
Enhancing institutions, improving governance, strengthening public engagement, and building international partnerships are critical to overcome fragility
Amid trade tensions and high policy uncertainty, the path forward will be determined by how challenges are confronted and opportunities embraced
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Stronger regional economic ties can help build resilience during a time of growing policy uncertainty
When destination countries tighten migration and refugee policies, it has economic ripple effects elsewhere
Combining overhauls in areas including business and external regulation, governance, and human development can boost output levels by 3 percent over four years.
Risks have risen as financial conditions tightened, with key vulnerabilities ahead
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Heightened tensions can hurt stock markets, raise government borrowing costs, and pose risks to financial stability
Increased investor risk-taking could fuel vulnerabilities
Unknowns raise risk of financial market volatility and a sharp decline in economic growth
Amid heightened uncertainty, policymakers will need to deal with complex trade-offs between debt, slower growth, and new spending pressures
Public approval is crucial for carrying out difficult reforms that can help countries lower debt and increase growth
The increase in debt in the last decade points to the need for lowering deficits, rebuilding space to deal with shocks, and strengthening fiscal rules
Large fiscal deficits and elevated debt levels call for greater fiscal prudence, but political forces are pulling in the opposite way
Governments should stay the course on fiscal consolidation amid mounting debt.
It can be tempting for countries to turn to industrial policy, but a policy mix supporting innovation more broadly can help boost economic growth
The power-hungry technology requires policies to help expand electricity supplies, incentivize alternative sources, and help contain price surges
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New generative AI tools can redefine the relationship between governments and citizens, but strong leadership and safeguards are fundamental.
AI may widen inequality, but policymakers can counteract this with more effective social safety nets, reskilling programs, and regulations to promote ethical use of the technology
AI-driven trading could lead to faster and more efficient markets, but also higher trading volumes and greater volatility in times of stress
