IMF Staff Country Reports

Finland: Staff Report for the 1999 Article IV Consultation

October 18, 1999

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Format: Chicago

International Monetary Fund. "Finland: Staff Report for the 1999 Article IV Consultation", IMF Staff Country Reports 1999, 121 (1999), accessed 12/27/2025, https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451813142.002

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Summary

This 1999 Article IV Consultation highlights that Finland’s economy has made a strong recovery from the deep recession that began in the early 1990s. Spurred by a devaluation of the markka, growth was predominantly export driven, and the external current account shifted from a deficit of more than 5 percent in the early 1990s to a surplus of the same magnitude in 1997/98. In this setting, prudent macroeconomic policies brought public finances from a deficit of 7 percent of GDP in 1993 to a surplus in 1998.

Subject: Employment, Expenditure, Labor, Labor markets, Pension spending, Pensions

Keywords: budget proposal, business outlook indicator, consumer price inflation, CR, Employment, Global, government, government program, ISCR, Labor markets, Pension spending, Pensions, public finance, staff appraisal, surplus, wage agreement

Notes

Included with the Staff Report are the text of Public Information Notice No.99/95--IMF Concludes Article IV Consultation with Finland and a Statement by Olli-Pekka Lehmussaari, Alternate Executive Director for Finland