Charalambos G. Tsangarides

Last Updated: August 08, 2018

Charalambos G. Tsangarides is a Deputy Chief of the Eastern II Division in the IMF’s African Department. He is currently the Mission Chief for Comoros, and Deputy Mission Chief for Nigeria. Previously, he lead the work on analytical chapters for the semi-annual Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook and contributed to policy analysis. Prior to that, he was senior economist in the IMF’s Research Department where he coordinated the department’s vulnerability analysis for advanced and emerging market countries which assesses risks to the global economy. His main research interests are economic growth, international macroeconomics, and applied econometrics. He has written on issues related to the stability of the international monetary system—including exchange rate regimes, exchange rate assessments, international reserves, and external imbalances—the nexus between income inequality and growth, exchange rate regimes and bilateral trade, and the application of Bayesian methods for model uncertainty.

Email: CTSANGARIDES@imf.org

Personal WebPage: https://sites.google.com/site/cgtsangarides/

Fluent In: Greek.

Education:

Ph.D., Economics, George Washington University, 2003

M.A., Economics, Johns Hopkins University, 1999

M.S., Statistics, American University, 1995

B.A., Double major, Economics & Statistics, American University, summa cum laude, 1994

Fulbright Scholar, 1990-94


Previous Experience:

Economist/Senior Economist, Research Department, Systemic Issues Division/Immediate Office, IMF, 2008-2015

Economist, Policy Development and Review Department, Policy Review Division, IMF, 2007-2008

Instructor, Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies-SAIS (Applied Econometrics Tools in Development Economics-graduate level), Spring 2007

Economist, African Department, Division 10/Immediate Office, IMF, 2003-07

Instructor, Department of Economics, George Washington University (Undergraduate Principles of Macroeconomics), 2002, 2003

Summer Intern, African Department, IMF, 2001

Summer Intern, Africa Region, Macroeconomics Division III, World Bank, 1998

Economist, Africa Region, Country Operations Division II, World Bank, 1995-1997

IMF Books and Working Papers:

The Impact of Fiscal Consolidations on Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa , Working Paper No. 17/281 , December 14, 2017

Growth Breaks and Growth Spells in Sub-Saharan Africa , Working Paper No. 17/202 , September 08, 2017

Friedman Redux: External Adjustment and Exchange Rate Flexibility , Working Paper No. 14/146 , August 08, 2014

Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth , Staff Discussion Notes No. 14/2 , February 17, 2014

Determinants of Growth Spells : Is Africa Different? , Working Paper No. 12/227 , September 01, 2012

Shifting Motives: Explaining the Buildup in Official Reserves in Emerging Markets since the 1980s , Working Paper No. 12/34 , January 01, 2012

Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with An Application to a Trade Gravity Model , Working Paper No. 11/230 , October 01, 2011

Words vs. Deeds : What Really Matters? , Working Paper No. 11/112 , May 01, 2011

Exchange Rate Regimes and the Stability of the International Monetary System , Occasional Paper No. 270 , March 15, 2011

Crisis and Recovery: Role of the Exchange Rate Regime in Emerging Market Countries , Working Paper No. 10/242 , October 01, 2010

Monetary Policy Transmission in Mauritius Using a VAR Analysis , Working Paper No. 10/36 , February 01, 2010

The Empirics of Exchange Rate Regimes and Trade: Words vs. Deeds , Working Paper No. 10/48 , February 01, 2010

Growth Determinants Revisited , Working Paper No. 09/268 , December 01, 2009

Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with Short Time Periods , Working Paper No. 09/74 , April 01, 2009

Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance: A Collection of Empirical Studies , September 08, 2008

The CFA Franc Zone : Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges , April 02, 2008

Estimation of Equilibrium Exchange Rates in the WAEMU: A Robustness Approach , Working Paper No. 07/194 , August 01, 2007

Competitiveness in the CFA Franc Zone , Working Paper No. 07/212 , August 01, 2007

Trade Reform in the CEMAC: Developments and Opportunities , Working Paper No. 07/137 , June 01, 2007

FEER for the CFA Franc , Working Paper No. 06/236 , October 01, 2006

What is Fuzzy About Clustering in West Africa? , Working Paper No. 06/90 , March 01, 2006

Stylized Facts on Bilateral Trade and Currency Unions: Implications for Africa , Working Paper No. 06/31 , January 01, 2006

Ten Years After the CFA Franc Devaluation: Progress Toward Regional Integration in the WAEMU , Working Paper No. 05/145 , July 01, 2005

Growth Empirics under Model Uncertainty: Is Africa Different? , Working Paper No. 05/18 , January 01, 2005

A Bayesian Approach to Model Uncertainty , Working Paper No. 04/68 , April 01, 2004

Is Growth Enough? Macroeconomic Policy and Poverty Reduction , Working Paper No. 02/118 , July 01, 2002

F&D articles

"The Cost of Tying One’s Hands" with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Finance and Development, June 2014, vol. 51, No. 2.

Other Published Materials

"The Impact of Fiscal Consolidation on Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa" with F. Arizala, J. Gonzalez-Garcia, and M. Newiak, Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook (October 2017).

"Restarting Sub-Saharan Africa’s Growth Engine" with F. Arizala, J. Gonzalez-Garcia, and T. Willems, Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook (April 2017).

"Exchange Rate Regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Experiences and Lessons," with D. Hakura, M. Hussain, and T. Willems, Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook (October 2016).

Redistribution, Inequality and Growth, Inequality, and Redistribution, with A. Berg and J.D. Ostry, Staff Discussion Note SDN/14/02, Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, February 2014.

Exchange Rate Regimes and the Stability of the International Monetary System, with A.R. Ghosh and J.D. Ostry, Occasional Paper 270, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2010.

"Searching for Robust Growth Determinants," with A. Mirestean, IMF Research Bulletin, vol. 11, No. 1 (March 2010).

Books

Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance: a Collection of Empirical Studies, co-edited with C. Cottarelli, A.R. Ghosh, and G.M. Milesi-Ferretti, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2008.

The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, co-edited with A. Gulde, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2008.

Publications in Journals (Refereed)

"Growth, Inequality, and Redistribution: New Evidence" with A. Berg, J.D. Ostry, and Y. Yakhshilikov, Journal of Economic Growth, forthcoming (published online: June 2018).

"Friedman Redux: External Adjustment and Exchange Rate Flexibility" with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Economic Journal, forthcoming (published online: February 2018).

"Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with an Application to a Trade Gravity Model" with H. Chen and A. Mirestean, Econometric Reviews, vol. 37, No. 7 (July 2018), pp. 777–805.

"Shifting Motives: Explaining the Buildup in Official Reserves in Emerging Markets since the 1980s" with A.R. Ghosh and J.D. Ostry, IMF Economic Review, vol. 65, No. 2 (June 2017), pp. 308–364.

"Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with An Application to a Trade Gravity Model" with H. Chen and A. Mirestean, Econometric Reviews, forthcoming (Published online: March 2016).

"Growth Determinants Revisited Using Limited-Information Bayesian Model Averaging" with A. Mirestean, Journal of Applied Econometrics, vol. 31, No. 1 (January 2016) pp. 106–132.

"Accounting for Emerging Market Countries’ International Reserves: Are Pacific Rim Countries Different?" with A. Ghosh and J.D. Ostry, Journal of International Money and Finance, vol. 49 (December 2014), pp. 52–82.

"On the Value of Words: Inflation and Fixed Exchange Rate Regimes" with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, IMF Economic Review, vol. 62, No. 2 (June 2014), pp. 288–322.

"Is the Exchange Rate Regime Really Irrelevant for External Adjustment?" with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Economics Letters, vol. 118, No. 1 (January 2013), pp. 104–109.

"Crisis and Recovery: Role of the Exchange Rate Regime in Emerging Market Economies," Journal of Macroeconomics, vol. 34, No. 2 (June 2012), pp. 470–488.

"Hard or Soft Pegs? Choice of Exchange Rate Regime and Trade in Africa" with M. Qureshi, World Development, vol. 40, No. 4 (April 2012), pp. 667–680.

"The Trade-Growth Nexus in Developing Countries: a Quantile Regression Approach" with G. Dufrénot and V. Mignon, Review of World Economics, vol. 146, No. 4 (December 2010), pp. 731–761.

"FEER for the CFA Franc" with Y. Abdih, Applied Economics, vol. 42, No. 16 (June 2010), pp. 2009–2029.

"Are Africa’s Currency Unions Good for Trade?" with P. Ewenczyk, M. Hulej, and M. Qureshi, IMF Staff Papers, vol. 56, No. 4 (November 2009), pp. 876–918.

"Monetary Union Membership in West Africa: A Cluster Analysis" with M. Qureshi, World Development, vol. 36, No. 7 (July 2008), pp. 1261–1279.

"On Cross-country Growth and Convergence: Evidence from African and OECD Countries," Journal of African Economies, vol. 10, No. 4 (December 2001), pp. 355–389.

Publications in Books and Conference Volumes

"Exchange Rate Regimes and Trade: Is Africa Different?" with M. Qureshi, in A. Fosu (ed.), Growth and Institutions in African Development, Routledge Studies in Development Economics, April 2015.

"Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy for Stability, Growth, and Jobs" with A. Behar and P. Sharma, in Toward New Horizons Arab Economic Transformation Amid Political Transitions, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, March 2014.

"Modeling Real Exchange Rates in the CFA Zone" with Y. Abdih, in C. Cottarelli, A.R. Ghosh, G.M. Milesi-Ferretti, and C. Tsangarides (eds.), Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance: A Collection of Empirical Studies, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, September 2008.

"Economic Fundamentals and the CFA Franc Zone Real Exchange Rates" with Y. Abdih, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.

"Competitiveness in the CFA Franc Zone" with G. Ramirez, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.

"What Is Fuzzy About Clustering in West Africa?" with M. Qureshi, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.

"Growth and Convergence in the CFA Franc Zone" with C. Pattillo and P. van den Boogaerde, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.

"Trade Reform in the CEMAC" with J. Martijn, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.

"Household Participation in Formal and Informal Institutions in Rural Credit Markets in Developing Countries" with T. Besley and S. Jain. Background Paper for World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions for Markets, 2001.

Other Published Materials

"Robust Correlates of Growth Spells: Do Inequality and Redistribution Matter?" with A. Kourtellos, Working Paper Series 15-20, The Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis (May 2015).

"The Cost of Tying One’s Hands" with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Finance and Development, June 2014, vol. 51, No. 2.

"Redistribution, Inequality, and Sustainable Growth: Reconsidering the Evidence," VoxEU.org, March 2014.

"Shifting Motives: Explaining the Build-Up in Official Reserves in Emerging Markets Since the 1980s," VoxEU.org, February 2012.

Charalambos G. Tsangarides is a Deputy Chief of the Eastern II Division in the IMF’s African Department. He is currently the Mission Chief for Comoros, and Deputy Mission Chief for Nigeria. Previously, he lead the work on analytical chapters for the semi-annual Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook and contributed to policy analysis. Prior to that, he was senior economist in the IMF’s Research Department where he coordinated the department’s vulnerability analysis for advanced and emerging market countries which assesses risks to the global economy. His main research interests are economic growth, international macroeconomics, and applied econometrics. He has written on issues related to the stability of the international monetary system—including exchange rate regimes, exchange rate assessments, international reserves, and external imbalances—the nexus between income inequality and growth, exchange rate regimes and bilateral trade, and the application of Bayesian methods for model uncertainty.

Email: CTSANGARIDES@imf.org

Personal WebPage: https://sites.google.com/site/cgtsangarides/

Fluent In: Greek.

Education:

Ph.D., Economics, George Washington University, 2003

M.A., Economics, Johns Hopkins University, 1999

M.S., Statistics, American University, 1995

B.A., Double major, Economics & Statistics, American University, summa cum laude, 1994

Fulbright Scholar, 1990-94


Previous Experience:

Economist/Senior Economist, Research Department, Systemic Issues Division/Immediate Office, IMF, 2008-2015

Economist, Policy Development and Review Department, Policy Review Division, IMF, 2007-2008

Instructor, Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies-SAIS (Applied Econometrics Tools in Development Economics-graduate level), Spring 2007

Economist, African Department, Division 10/Immediate Office, IMF, 2003-07

Instructor, Department of Economics, George Washington University (Undergraduate Principles of Macroeconomics), 2002, 2003

Summer Intern, African Department, IMF, 2001

Summer Intern, Africa Region, Macroeconomics Division III, World Bank, 1998

Economist, Africa Region, Country Operations Division II, World Bank, 1995-1997

IMF Books and Working Papers:

The Impact of Fiscal Consolidations on Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa , Working Paper No. 17/281 , December 14, 2017

Growth Breaks and Growth Spells in Sub-Saharan Africa , Working Paper No. 17/202 , September 08, 2017

Friedman Redux: External Adjustment and Exchange Rate Flexibility , Working Paper No. 14/146 , August 08, 2014

Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth , Staff Discussion Notes No. 14/2 , February 17, 2014

Determinants of Growth Spells : Is Africa Different? , Working Paper No. 12/227 , September 01, 2012

Shifting Motives: Explaining the Buildup in Official Reserves in Emerging Markets since the 1980s , Working Paper No. 12/34 , January 01, 2012

Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with An Application to a Trade Gravity Model , Working Paper No. 11/230 , October 01, 2011

Words vs. Deeds : What Really Matters? , Working Paper No. 11/112 , May 01, 2011

Exchange Rate Regimes and the Stability of the International Monetary System , Occasional Paper No. 270 , March 15, 2011

Crisis and Recovery: Role of the Exchange Rate Regime in Emerging Market Countries , Working Paper No. 10/242 , October 01, 2010

Monetary Policy Transmission in Mauritius Using a VAR Analysis , Working Paper No. 10/36 , February 01, 2010

The Empirics of Exchange Rate Regimes and Trade: Words vs. Deeds , Working Paper No. 10/48 , February 01, 2010

Growth Determinants Revisited , Working Paper No. 09/268 , December 01, 2009

Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with Short Time Periods , Working Paper No. 09/74 , April 01, 2009

Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance: A Collection of Empirical Studies , September 08, 2008

The CFA Franc Zone : Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges , April 02, 2008

Estimation of Equilibrium Exchange Rates in the WAEMU: A Robustness Approach , Working Paper No. 07/194 , August 01, 2007

Competitiveness in the CFA Franc Zone , Working Paper No. 07/212 , August 01, 2007

Trade Reform in the CEMAC: Developments and Opportunities , Working Paper No. 07/137 , June 01, 2007

FEER for the CFA Franc , Working Paper No. 06/236 , October 01, 2006

What is Fuzzy About Clustering in West Africa? , Working Paper No. 06/90 , March 01, 2006

Stylized Facts on Bilateral Trade and Currency Unions: Implications for Africa , Working Paper No. 06/31 , January 01, 2006

Ten Years After the CFA Franc Devaluation: Progress Toward Regional Integration in the WAEMU , Working Paper No. 05/145 , July 01, 2005

Growth Empirics under Model Uncertainty: Is Africa Different? , Working Paper No. 05/18 , January 01, 2005

A Bayesian Approach to Model Uncertainty , Working Paper No. 04/68 , April 01, 2004

Is Growth Enough? Macroeconomic Policy and Poverty Reduction , Working Paper No. 02/118 , July 01, 2002

F&D articles

"The Cost of Tying One’s Hands" with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Finance and Development, June 2014, vol. 51, No. 2.

Other Published Materials

"The Impact of Fiscal Consolidation on Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa" with F. Arizala, J. Gonzalez-Garcia, and M. Newiak, Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook (October 2017).

"Restarting Sub-Saharan Africa’s Growth Engine" with F. Arizala, J. Gonzalez-Garcia, and T. Willems, Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook (April 2017).

"Exchange Rate Regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Experiences and Lessons," with D. Hakura, M. Hussain, and T. Willems, Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Economic Outlook (October 2016).

Redistribution, Inequality and Growth, Inequality, and Redistribution, with A. Berg and J.D. Ostry, Staff Discussion Note SDN/14/02, Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, February 2014.

Exchange Rate Regimes and the Stability of the International Monetary System, with A.R. Ghosh and J.D. Ostry, Occasional Paper 270, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2010.

"Searching for Robust Growth Determinants," with A. Mirestean, IMF Research Bulletin, vol. 11, No. 1 (March 2010).

Books

Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance: a Collection of Empirical Studies, co-edited with C. Cottarelli, A.R. Ghosh, and G.M. Milesi-Ferretti, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2008.

The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, co-edited with A. Gulde, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2008.

Publications in Journals (Refereed)

"Growth, Inequality, and Redistribution: New Evidence" with A. Berg, J.D. Ostry, and Y. Yakhshilikov, Journal of Economic Growth, forthcoming (published online: June 2018).

"Friedman Redux: External Adjustment and Exchange Rate Flexibility" with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Economic Journal, forthcoming (published online: February 2018).

"Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with an Application to a Trade Gravity Model" with H. Chen and A. Mirestean, Econometric Reviews, vol. 37, No. 7 (July 2018), pp. 777–805.

"Shifting Motives: Explaining the Buildup in Official Reserves in Emerging Markets since the 1980s" with A.R. Ghosh and J.D. Ostry, IMF Economic Review, vol. 65, No. 2 (June 2017), pp. 308–364.

"Bayesian Model Averaging for Dynamic Panels with An Application to a Trade Gravity Model" with H. Chen and A. Mirestean, Econometric Reviews, forthcoming (Published online: March 2016).

"Growth Determinants Revisited Using Limited-Information Bayesian Model Averaging" with A. Mirestean, Journal of Applied Econometrics, vol. 31, No. 1 (January 2016) pp. 106–132.

"Accounting for Emerging Market Countries’ International Reserves: Are Pacific Rim Countries Different?" with A. Ghosh and J.D. Ostry, Journal of International Money and Finance, vol. 49 (December 2014), pp. 52–82.

"On the Value of Words: Inflation and Fixed Exchange Rate Regimes" with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, IMF Economic Review, vol. 62, No. 2 (June 2014), pp. 288–322.

"Is the Exchange Rate Regime Really Irrelevant for External Adjustment?" with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Economics Letters, vol. 118, No. 1 (January 2013), pp. 104–109.

"Crisis and Recovery: Role of the Exchange Rate Regime in Emerging Market Economies," Journal of Macroeconomics, vol. 34, No. 2 (June 2012), pp. 470–488.

"Hard or Soft Pegs? Choice of Exchange Rate Regime and Trade in Africa" with M. Qureshi, World Development, vol. 40, No. 4 (April 2012), pp. 667–680.

"The Trade-Growth Nexus in Developing Countries: a Quantile Regression Approach" with G. Dufrénot and V. Mignon, Review of World Economics, vol. 146, No. 4 (December 2010), pp. 731–761.

"FEER for the CFA Franc" with Y. Abdih, Applied Economics, vol. 42, No. 16 (June 2010), pp. 2009–2029.

"Are Africa’s Currency Unions Good for Trade?" with P. Ewenczyk, M. Hulej, and M. Qureshi, IMF Staff Papers, vol. 56, No. 4 (November 2009), pp. 876–918.

"Monetary Union Membership in West Africa: A Cluster Analysis" with M. Qureshi, World Development, vol. 36, No. 7 (July 2008), pp. 1261–1279.

"On Cross-country Growth and Convergence: Evidence from African and OECD Countries," Journal of African Economies, vol. 10, No. 4 (December 2001), pp. 355–389.

Publications in Books and Conference Volumes

"Exchange Rate Regimes and Trade: Is Africa Different?" with M. Qureshi, in A. Fosu (ed.), Growth and Institutions in African Development, Routledge Studies in Development Economics, April 2015.

"Monetary and Exchange Rate Policy for Stability, Growth, and Jobs" with A. Behar and P. Sharma, in Toward New Horizons Arab Economic Transformation Amid Political Transitions, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, March 2014.

"Modeling Real Exchange Rates in the CFA Zone" with Y. Abdih, in C. Cottarelli, A.R. Ghosh, G.M. Milesi-Ferretti, and C. Tsangarides (eds.), Exchange Rate Analysis in Support of IMF Surveillance: A Collection of Empirical Studies, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, September 2008.

"Economic Fundamentals and the CFA Franc Zone Real Exchange Rates" with Y. Abdih, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.

"Competitiveness in the CFA Franc Zone" with G. Ramirez, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.

"What Is Fuzzy About Clustering in West Africa?" with M. Qureshi, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.

"Growth and Convergence in the CFA Franc Zone" with C. Pattillo and P. van den Boogaerde, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.

"Trade Reform in the CEMAC" with J. Martijn, in A. Gulde and C. Tsangarides (eds.), The CFA Franc Zone: Common Currency, Uncommon Challenges, Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, April 2008.

"Household Participation in Formal and Informal Institutions in Rural Credit Markets in Developing Countries" with T. Besley and S. Jain. Background Paper for World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions for Markets, 2001.

Other Published Materials

"Robust Correlates of Growth Spells: Do Inequality and Redistribution Matter?" with A. Kourtellos, Working Paper Series 15-20, The Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis (May 2015).

"The Cost of Tying One’s Hands" with A.R. Ghosh and M. Qureshi, Finance and Development, June 2014, vol. 51, No. 2.

"Redistribution, Inequality, and Sustainable Growth: Reconsidering the Evidence," VoxEU.org, March 2014.

"Shifting Motives: Explaining the Build-Up in Official Reserves in Emerging Markets Since the 1980s," VoxEU.org, February 2012.