Arab Republic of Egypt: 2025 Article IV Consultation, Fourth Review Under the Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility, Requests for Waivers of Nonobservance and Modification of Performance Criteria and Request for an Arrangement Under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Egypt
July 15, 2025
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Persistent and successive external shocks have complicated policy execution.
The ongoing war in Sudan, which erupted in April 2023, precipitated a significant
refugee inflow into Egypt, with some 603,000 Sudanese refugees registered with
UNHCR as of December 31, 2024. Trade disruptions in the Red Sea since December
2023 have reduced foreign exchange inflows from the Suez Canal by US$6 billion in
2024, while transit trade volumes remain at about a third of pre-conflict levels, with
further negative spillovers to growth and fiscal revenues.
The ongoing war in Sudan, which erupted in April 2023, precipitated a significant
refugee inflow into Egypt, with some 603,000 Sudanese refugees registered with
UNHCR as of December 31, 2024. Trade disruptions in the Red Sea since December
2023 have reduced foreign exchange inflows from the Suez Canal by US$6 billion in
2024, while transit trade volumes remain at about a third of pre-conflict levels, with
further negative spillovers to growth and fiscal revenues.
Subject: Climate change, Environment, Fiscal policy, Foreign exchange, Revenue administration, Revenue mobilization
Keywords: Climate change, expenditure policy, Global, government initiative, liberalized exchange rate regime, market development, market participant, Middle East and Central Asia, Revenue mobilization
Pages:
202
Volume:
2025
DOI:
Issue:
186
Series:
Country Report No. 2025/186
Stock No:
1EGYEA2025001
ISBN:
9798229014700
ISSN:
1934-7685
