Policy Papers

A Stocktaking of The Current International Architecture for Resolving Sovereign Debt Involving Private Sector Creditors

October 7, 2025

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Format: Chicago

International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept., International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department, and International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department "A Stocktaking of The Current International Architecture for Resolving Sovereign Debt Involving Private Sector Creditors", Policy Papers 2025, 034 (2025), accessed 12/5/2025, https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229024464.007

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Summary

There have been major developments in the global economy and sovereign debt markets since the Fund’s stocktaking in 2020. The contractual framework for the resolution of privately held sovereign debt has evolved further. Progress has been made in certain areas, although gaps still remain.

Subject: Asset and liability management, Bonds, Debt restructuring, Financial institutions, Loans, Public debt, Sovereign debt restructuring

Keywords: Bonds, climate resilient debt clause, debt carrying capacity, Debt management, Debt restructuring, Debt Service, Debt Transparency, Domestic Debt Restructuring, Domestic law, Enhanced CACs, Exchange offer, General government debt level, Global, International bonds, Loans, loss reinstatement clause, Restructuring negotiations, Secondary Market, Sovereign Bonds, Sovereign Debt Restructuring, Statutory tools