IMF Working Papers

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Format: Chicago

Younes Zouhar, Jon Jellema, Nora Lustig, and Mohamed Trabelsi. "Public Expenditure and Inclusive Growth - A Survey", IMF Working Papers 2021, 083 (2021), accessed 12/6/2025, https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513574387.001

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Disclaimer: IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management.

Summary

This paper explores the role of public expenditure in fostering inclusive growth. It starts with a presentation of salient features of public expenditure. Then, it lays out an analytical framework that describes the channels through which public expenditure affects inequality and poverty in the short and long term. Based on a review of the empirical literature, it discusses the policy options. Finally, the paper assesses the role of key factors such as the initial conditions, and the institutions, in shaping the inclusive spending policies.

Subject: Education, Expenditure, Fiscal policy, Income, Income inequality, National accounts

Keywords: Africa, Global, inclusive growth, Income, Income inequality, inequality, mean inequality impact effectiveness, policy option, poverty, poverty rate, public expenditure, social spending, spending policy