IMF Working Papers

Structural Reforms in Saudi Arabia Since 2016

ByDavid Koll, Andrea Medici, Marina Mendes Tavares, Masashi Saito

January 23, 2026

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Format: Chicago

David Koll, Andrea Medici, Marina Mendes Tavares, and Masashi Saito. "Structural Reforms in Saudi Arabia Since 2016", IMF Working Papers 2026, 014 (2026), accessed 1/23/2026, https://doi.org/10.5089/9798229032728.001

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Disclaimer: IMF Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to encourage debate. The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management.

Summary

Since 2016, Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 reforms have improved governance, business regulations, capital markets, the labor market, and the external sector, narrowing structural gaps with frontier economies and improving economic performance. This paper summarizes progress, estimates the output impact of the reforms, notes challenges, and highlights future priorities for continued growth and diversification.

Keywords: Business Regulation, Capital Markets, Governance, Growth, International Factor Movement, Labor Market, Saudi Arabia, Structural Reforms