IMF Working Papers

Public Investment, Growth, and Debt Sustainability: Putting together the Pieces

By Andrew Berg, Rafael A Portillo, Edward F Buffie, Catherine A Pattillo, Luis-Felipe Zanna

June 1, 2012

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Andrew Berg, Rafael A Portillo, Edward F Buffie, Catherine A Pattillo, and Luis-Felipe Zanna. Public Investment, Growth, and Debt Sustainability: Putting together the Pieces, (USA: International Monetary Fund, 2012) accessed November 11, 2024
Disclaimer: This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF.The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate

Summary

We develop a model to study the macroeconomic effects of public investment surges in low-income countries, making explicit: (i) the investment-growth linkages; (ii) public external and domestic debt accumulation; (iii) the fiscal policy reactions necessary to ensure debt-sustainability; and (iv) the macroeconomic adjustment required to ensure internal and external balance. Well-executed high-yielding public investment programs can substantially raise output and consumption and be self-financing in the long run. However, even if the long run looks good, transition problems can be formidable when concessional financing does not cover the full cost of the investment program. Covering the resulting gap with tax increases or spending cuts requires sharp macroeconomic adjustments, crowding out private investment and consumption and delaying the growth benefits of public investment. Covering the gap with domestic borrowing market is not helpful either: higher domestic rates increase the financing challenge and private investment and consumption are still crowded out. Supplementing with external commercial borrowing, on the other hand, can smooth these difficult adjustments, reconciling the scaling up with feasibility constraints on increases in tax rates. But the strategy may be also risky. With poor execution, sluggish fiscal policy reactions, or persistent negative exogenous shocks, this strategy can easily lead to unsustainable public debt dynamics. Front-loaded investment programs and weak structural conditions (such as low returns to public capital and poor execution of investments) make the fiscal adjustment more challenging and the risks greater.

Subject: Debt sustainability, Expenditure, External debt, Infrastructure, National accounts, Public debt, Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP), Public investment spending

Keywords: Africa, Aid, Capital stock, Crowding in, Crowding out, Debt Sustainability, Fiscal Policy, Global, Growth, Growth linkage, Infrastructure, Investment surge, Private sector, Public Investment, Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP), Public investment spending, Rate of return, Real GDP, Risk premium, Scaling-up scenario, Sub-Saharan Africa, WP

Publication Details

  • Pages:

    54

  • Volume:

    ---

  • DOI:

    ---

  • Issue:

    ---

  • Series:

    Working Paper No. 2012/144

  • Stock No:

    WPIEA2012144

  • ISBN:

    9781475504071

  • ISSN:

    1018-5941