Country Reports

Regional Reports and Blogs

REO

April 2025

The global economy is undergoing substantial changes, driven by fundamental shifts in trade policies. This comes at a time of deep structural transformations related to aging populations, high energy costs, and technological change. Europe’s economy is affected by these developments as it has only now begun to recover from recent shocks, its public spending needs are rising, public debt is high, and medium-term growth prospects are weak.

IMF Blogs - Europe

A United Europe Can Shape the Global Economy (June 3, 2025)

Europe Needs a Coordinated Approach to Industrial Policy (December 16, 2024)

The 2004 EU Enlargement Was a Success Story Built on Deep Reform Efforts (December 3, 2024)

New European Wealth Gauge Helps Policymakers Address Inequality (November 19, 2024)

How Europe Can Make Carbon Pricing Policies Less Regressive (September 26, 2024)

Euro Area Reports

IMF Executive Board Concludes 2024 Consultation with Euro Area

Euro Area Policies: 2023 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Euro Area; IMF Country Report No. 23/264 (July 19, 2023)

A Bottom-Up Reduced Form Phillips Curve for the Euro Area (December 16, 2022)

U.S. and Euro Area Monetary and Fiscal Interactions During the Pandemic: A Structural Analysis (November 11, 2022) 

Biases in Survey Inflation Expectations: Evidence from the Euro Area (September 30, 2022)

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