Wage Expenditures of Central Governments

January 1, 1995

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Wage Expenditures of Central Governments, (USA: International Monetary Fund, 1995) accessed September 18, 2024

Disclaimer: This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF.The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate

Summary

Central government wage expenditures accounted for 7 percent of GDP in 99 countries during 1980-90 (unweighted average). Regression analysis indicates that federations, countries with high populations and high per capita incomes, heavily indebted countries, and small low-income economies tend to have lower central government wage expenditures as a percent of GDP. Access to private nonguaranteed foreign financing is associated with higher wage expenditures, while public and publicly guaranteed foreign financing is not; the public and publicly guaranteed foreign financing is often provided for government capital projects. Medium-term structural adjustment programs, on average, have a negative association with wage expenditures, while short-term stabilization programs do not. The negative correlation between central government wage expenditures and per capita income appears related to the level of centralization of government expenditures. General government wage expenditures are higher in industrial countries than in developing countries.

Subject: Central government spending, Expenditure, Labor, Public financial management (PFM), Public sector wages, Total expenditures, Wages

Keywords: Central government spending, Dummy variable, East Africa, ESAF program, Form of government, Government centralization, Government coefficient, Government employee, Government expenditure, Government finance statistics, Government spending, Indebted country, Industrial country, Inefficient government employment program, Middle East, North Africa, Public sector wages, Socialist government coefficient, State government, Sub-Saharan Africa, Total expenditures, Wage expenditure, Wage share, Wages, Western Hemisphere, WP

Publication Details

Pages:

42
Volume:

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DOI:

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Issue:

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Series:

Working Paper No. 1995/011
Stock No:

WPIEA0111995
ISBN:

9781451842739
ISSN:

1018-5941

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