IMF Working Papers

Revisiting Tourism Flows to the Caribbean : What is Driving Arrivals?

Author/Editor:

Nicole Laframboise ; Nkunde Mwase ; Joonkyu Park ; Yingke Zhou

Publication Date:

December 18, 2014

Electronic Access:

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Summary:

The Caribbean share of the global tourism market has been declining. This study examines what is driving tourism flows. It estimates the determinants of tourism and explores variations based on sample differences, and also constructs a static nominal price comparison index. The paper finds that: (i) tourism arrivals and expenditure are sensitive to both price and income factors in source markets; (ii) price and income elasticities of tourism have declined since 2008; (iii) price elasticity is statistically insignificant for “high-end” destinations; and (iv) the nominal cost of an average one week beach holiday in the Caribbean is higher than in other beach destinations around the world. These results point to the need for structural reforms to raise product quality, cost reduction or containment in “low-end” destinations, including possibly via exchange rates, and an adjustment in aggregate consumption to adapt to the implications of a lower contribution to GDP from tourism.

Series:

Working Paper No. 14/229

Subject:

Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas, The Barbados Caribbean Dominica Dominican Republic Expenditures Grenada Gross domestic product Haiti Jamaica Price elasticity Real effective exchange rates Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Tourism